ArticlePloS one2017
Hypertension in rats is associated with an increased permeability of the colon to TMA, a gut bacteria metabolite.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide as a novel predictor for adverse cardiovascular events after PCI: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2025Pooled it
- Hypertension-gut microbiota research trends: a bibliometric and visualization analysis (2000-2025).Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- The bright and the dark sides of L-carnitine supplementation: a systematic review.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- The Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Hypertension Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Modulating effects of microbiota on synbiotic intervention outcomes for microbiota-derived trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide and indoxyl sulfate in healthy young medical students: insights from a 12-week randomized clinical trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- A Pilot Study on the Effects of l-Carnitine and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide on Platelet Mitochondrial DNA Methylation and CVD Biomarkers in Aged Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Trial
- Metabolic Changes During a Calorie-Restricted, Fish-Rich Ketogenic Diet Associated With Increased Circulating TMAO in Healthy Adults.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Gut dysbiosis, blood pressure regulation, and cardiometabolic risk in polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS).Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Associations of trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, its subtypes and blood pressure in the offspring: findings from the Shanghai Birth Cohort.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Synergistic Role of Aerobic Exercise and Vitamin C in Reducing Hypertension and Restoring Redox-Inflammatory Balance.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The gut-heart axis in heart failure: from bidirectional pathophysiological mechanisms to integrative therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut metabolites: key factors in the cross-talk between the gut microbiota and tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Regulates Blood Pressure by Altering Gut Microbiota Composition and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Plasma cardiovascular stress biomarkers response to marathon running.Sports medicine and health science · 2025Article
- High-Fat Diet with Normal Caloric Intake Elevates TMA and TMAO Production and Reduces Microbial Diversity in Rats.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Probiotics and Prebiotics in Post-Myocardial Infarction Rehabilitation: Mechanisms, Benefits, and Future Directions.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Dietary Fibre in the Regulation of Blood Pressure Through the Interaction with Sodium: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Confocal Endomicroscopy Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Abnormalities in Individuals Without Documented Gastro-Intestinal Disease.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota and arterial hypertension: a narrative review.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- The role of short-chain fatty acid in metabolic syndrome and its complications: focusing on immunity and inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An increased blood trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has emerged as a marker of cardiovascular mortality, however, the mechanisms of the increase are not clear. We evaluated if hypertension was associated with changes in the colon permeability to trimethylamine (TMA), a TMAO precursor. We did experiments on male, 24-26-week-old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and SHR treated with enalapril, an antihypertensive drug (SHR-E). To check the colon permeability and liver TMA clearance, blood was collected from the portal vein and hepatic veins confluence, at baseline and after the intracolonic administration of TMA. Arterial blood pressure (BP) and intestinal blood flow (IBF) recordings and histological assessment of the colon were performed. SHR showed an increased gut-blood barrier permeability to TMA. Namely, at baseline SHR had a higher BP and portal blood TMA, but a lower IBF than WKY. After the intracolonic administration of TMA, SHR had a significantly higher portal blood TMA and higher TMA liver clearance than WKY. In SHR the arteriolar walls of the colon mucosa were significantly thicker than in WKY. Furthermore, SHR showed a significant decrease in the height of the mucosa. In contrast, SHR-E had lower portal blood TMA, lower BP and smaller thickness of arteriolar walls, but higher IBF than SHR, which indicates improved function of the gut-blood barrier in SHR-E. All groups had similar immunostaining of occludin and zonula occludens-1, markers of tight junctions. In conclusion, hypertensive rats show an increased permeability of the colon to TMA, which is accompanied by morphological and hemodynamic alterations in the colon. Therefore, cardiovascular diseases may be characterized by an increased permeability of the gut-blood barrier to bacterial metabolites such as TMA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.