Trial reportHealth communication2019
Effects of Varying Color, Imagery, and Text of Cigarette Package Warning Labels among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Middle School Youth and Adult Smokers.
Trial report in Health communication, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perceptions of plain packaging and health warnings among university students in Turkey: a survey-based experiment.BMC public health · 2023Trial
- "I Quit": Testing the Added Value and Sequencing Effects of an Efficacy-focused Message among Cigarette Warning Labels.Journal of health communication · 2020Trial
- Independent or synergistic? Effects of varying size and using pictorial images in tobacco health warning labels.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Effects of 30% and 50% Cigarette Pack Graphic Warning Labels on Visual Attention, Negative Affect, Quit Intentions, and Smoking Susceptibility among Disadvantaged Populations in the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Trial
- Defensive Reactions to Pictorial Warning Labels Featuring Narrative Versus Non-Narrative Content.Health communication · 2026Article
- Which visual elements on packaging affect perceived credibility? A case study of in vitro diagnostic kits.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Graphic health warnings and plain packaging in the Philippines: results of online and household surveys.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Youth and Young Adult-targeted E-cigarette Warnings and Advertising Messages: An Experiment with Young Adults in the US.Journal of health communication · 2022Article
- Tailored Cigarette Warning Messages: How Individualized Loss Aversion and Delay Discounting Rates Can Influence Perceived Message Effectiveness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Should Graphic Warning Labels Proposed for Cigarette Packages Sold in the United States Mention the Food and Drug Administration?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Influence of Warning Statements on Understanding of the Negative Health Consequences of Smoking.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- A Perspective on Age Restrictions and Other Harm Reduction Approaches Targeting Youth Online Gambling, Considering Convergences of Gambling and Videogaming.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Testing the Effects of Certain versus Hypothetical Language in Health Risk Messages.Communication monographs · 2020Article
- Comparing in person and internet methods to recruit low-SES populations for tobacco control policy research.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2019Article
- Adolescent Attention to Disgust Visuals in Cigarette Graphic Warning Labels.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2019Article
- Communication Regulatory Science: Mapping a New Field.Health communication · 2019Article
- Using graphic warning labels to counter effects of social cues and brand imagery in cigarette advertising.Health education research · 2019Article
- Impact of tobacco-pack pictorial warnings on youth and young adults: A systematic review of experimental studies.Tobacco induced diseases · 2019Review
- Does Visual Attention to Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs Predict Key Outcomes Among Youth and Low-income Smokers?Tobacco regulatory science · 2018Article
- Testing competing explanations for graphic warning label effects among adult smokers and non-smoking youth.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The U.S. Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (Tobacco Control Act) of 2009 paved the way for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to propose nine different graphic warning labels (GWLs) intended for prominent placement on the front and back of cigarette packs and on cigarette advertisements. Those GWLs were adjudicated as unconstitutional on the ground that they unnecessarily infringed tobacco companies' free speech without sufficiently advancing the government's public health interests. This study examines whether less extensive alternatives to the original full-color GWLs, including black-and-white GWLs and text-only options, have similar or divergent effects on visual attention, negative affect, and health risk beliefs. We used a mobile media research lab to conduct a randomized experiment with two populations residing in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities: biochemically confirmed adult smokers (N = 313) and middle school youth (N = 340). Results indicate that full-color GWLs capture attention for longer than black-and-white GWLs among both youth and adult smokers. Among adults, packages with GWLs (in either color or black-and-white) engendered more negative affect than those with text-only labels, while text-only produced greater negative affect than the packages with brand imagery only. Among youth, GWLs and text-only labels produced comparable levels of negative affect, albeit more so than brand imagery. We thus offer mixed findings related to the claim that a less extensive alternative could satisfy the government's compelling public health interest to reduce cigarette smoking rates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.