ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2018
Pro-inflammatory gene expression profile in obese adults with high plasma GIP levels.
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Potential of GIP in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- GIP in Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease: From Physiology to Pharmacology.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- The role of GIP in carbohydrate metabolism: Implications in the development of therapies for T2DM, a narrative review.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- The role of GIPR in food intake control.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Adipose Tissue: A Novel Target of the Incretin Axis? A Paradigm Shift in Obesity-Linked Insulin Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The interplay of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in adipose tissue.The Journal of endocrinology · 2024Review
- Relevance and consequence of chronic inflammation for obesity development.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2023Review
- Intestinal FFA3 mediates obesogenic effects in mice on a Western diet.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Lamina Propria Phagocyte Profiling Reveals Targetable Signaling Pathways in Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Gastro hep advances · 2022Article
- Review
- Gut Hormone GIP Induces Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in the Hypothalamus.Endocrinology · 2020Article
- Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality: a prospective study.Diabetologia · 2020Article
- Enhanced GIP Secretion in Obesity Is Associated with Biochemical Alteration and miRNA Contribution to the Development of Liver Steatosis.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Physiological roles of the GIP receptor in murine brown adipose tissue.Molecular metabolism · 2019Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) provides a novel link between the immune system and the gut, although results from different experimental and observational studies are contradictory, ranging from anti-inflammatory, through neutral to pro-inflammatory action of GIP. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze inflammatory pathways on the level of gene expression and circulating inflammatory markers in relation to plasma GIP level. SUBJECTS/
methodsThe study included 128 obese adults. Two groups of obese subjects were created according to fasting GIP levels, with cutoff point at the 66th percentile and compared in respect with molecular and circulating markers of inflammation. GIP, interleukin (IL)-6 and adipokines: leptin, adiponectin, visfatin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory markers: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), sE-Selectin, sVCAM-1, sPECAM-1 were studied at fasting and after nutrient challenges. Gene expression in blood cells was determined by human gene microarray.
resultsObese patients with high GIP levels had elevated fasting glucose (Q2 (Q1-Q3): 5.6 (5.0-6.0) vs 5.0 (4.8-5.4), P<0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (Q2 (Q1-Q3): 3.68 (2.72-5.42) vs 2.70 (2.13-4.33), P=0.021), thus increased markers of insulin resistance as well as elevated inflammatory markers Il-6 (Q2 (Q1-Q3): 1.34 (1.0-2.04) vs 1.12 (0.76-1.64), P=0.045), MCP-1 (Q2 (Q1-Q3): 363 (287-447) vs 323 (263-389), P=0.026). Leptin to adiponectin ratio was significantly associated with fasting plasma GIP levels (β (95% CI): 0.84 (0.10-1.59)) independently of glucose levels. sE-Selectin was found to be a factor influencing GIP response to oral glucose intake (β (95% CI): 0.47 (0.14-0.81)) and sVCAM was found to be a factor influencing GIP response to high-fat meal intake (β (95% CI): 0.19 (0.01-0.37)). We identified 32 genes of inflammatory pathways differentially expressed in subjects with a high plasma GIP level compared to low GIP. Most upregulated genes play a role in leukocyte chemotaxis and tissue infiltration.
conclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that increased GIP signaling has a role in chronic low-grade inflammation.
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