ArticlePediatric radiology2018
Normal magnetic resonance appearances of the temporomandibular joints in children and young adults aged 2-18 years.
Article in Pediatric radiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Management of Orofacial Manifestations of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Interdisciplinary Consensus-Based Recommendations.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Pooled it
- Temporomandibular Joint Involvement in Paediatric Patients Affected by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2026Observational
- ESR Essentials: juvenile idiopathic arthritis; what every radiologist needs to know-practice recommendations by the European Society of Paediatric Radiology.European radiology · 2026Review
- Improving TMJ MRI diagnostics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a comparative evaluation of image enhancement filters.Oral radiology · 2025Article
- MRI of the temporomandibular joint in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: protocol and findings.Pediatric radiology · 2023Review
- Cone beam computed tomography in the assessment of TMJ deformity in children with JIA: repeatability of a novel scoring system.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- In children and adolescents with temporomandibular disorder assembled with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - no association were found between pain and TMJ deformities using CBCT.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- Determining the optimal magnetic resonance imaging sequences for the efficient diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2021Article
- Developing a reference MRI database for temporomandibular joints in healthy children and adolescents.Pediatric radiology · 2018Article
- Temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis, now what?Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundKnowledge of normal appearances of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is paramount when assessing the joint for disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Reliable features defining normal TMJs in children are limited.
objectiveTo establish reliable normal standards for the TMJ at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND
methodsWe included children and young adults aged 2-18 years undergoing a head MRI for reasons not believed to affect the TMJs. We assessed TMJ anatomy and contrast enhancement using a high-resolution 3-D T1-weighted sequence. We noted joint fluid and bone marrow oedema based on a T2-weighted sequence. Three experienced radiologists read all examinations twice in consensus and defined intraobserver consensus agreement.
resultsWe evaluated the TMJs in 101 children and young adults (45 female), mean age 10.7 years (range 2-18 years). The intraobserver consensus agreement for the assessment of anterior condylar inclination in the sagittal/oblique plane was moderate to good (Cohen κ=0.7 for the right side). Cohen κ for intraobserver consensus agreement for condylar shape in the coronal plane on a 0-2 scale was 0.4 for the right and 0.6 for the left. Intraobserver agreement for measurement of joint space height and assessment of bone marrow oedema was poor. There was a statistically significant increase in anterior inclination by age in the sagittal plane on a 0-2 scale (P<0.0001). Eighty percent of the condyles showed a rounded shape in the coronal plane while 20% showed mild flattening. Thirty-five of 36 right TMJs showed contrast enhancement (mild enhancement in 32 joints, moderate in 3 joints).
conclusionSubjective assessment of the anterior condylar inclination in the sagittal/oblique plane and condylar flattening in the coronal plane can be considered precise features for describing TMJ anatomy in healthy children. There is an increasing anterior inclination by age. Mild contrast enhancement of the TMJs should be considered a normal finding.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.