Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29234134›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2017

Anatomical evidence for scent guided foraging in the turkey vulture.

Nathan P Grigg, Justin M Krilow, Cristian Gutierrez-Ibanez, Douglas R Wylie, Gary R Graves, Andrew N Iwaniuk

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Social interactions during foraging may be a key to survival for seabirds in the Southern Ocean.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Bridging Evolutionary History and Conservation of New World Vultures.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Nathan P GriggDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
Justin M KrilowDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
Cristian Gutierrez-IbanezNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Douglas R WylieNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Gary R GravesDepartment of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
Andrew N IwaniukDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. andrew.iwaniuk@uleth.ca.ORCID 0000-0001-9273-3655
University of Lethbridge · CAUniversity of Alberta · CASmithsonian Institution · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) is a widespread, scavenging species in the Western Hemisphere that locates carrion by smell. Scent guided foraging is associated with an expansion of the olfactory bulbs of the brain in vertebrates, but no such neuroanatomical data exists for vultures. We provide the first measurements of turkey vulture brains, including the size of their olfactory bulbs and numbers of mitral cells, which provide the primary output of the olfactory bulbs. Comparative analyses show that the turkey vulture has olfactory bulbs that are 4× larger and contain twice as many mitral cells as those of the sympatric black vulture (Coragyps atratus), despite having brains that are 20% smaller. The turkey vulture has the largest olfactory bulbs in absolute terms and adjusted for brain size among birds, but the number of mitral cells is proportional to the size of their olfactory bulbs. The combination of large olfactory bulbs, high mitral cell counts and a greatly enlarged nasal cavity likely reflects a highly sensitive olfactory system. We suggest that this sensitive sense of smell allowed the turkey vulture to colonize biomes that are suboptimal for scavenging birds and become the most widespread vulture species in the world.

Indexed as

AnimalsBirdsFeeding BehaviorNasal CavityNeuronsOlfactory BulbOrgan SizeSmellSpecies Specificity

Identifiers

PMID29234134
PMCPMC5727128
OpenAlexW2775114943

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.