ArticleScientific reports2017
Enclaves of genetic diversity resisted Inca impacts on population history.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic ancestry of families of putative Inka descent.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2018Trial
- Human population history on the North Coast of peru from Y chromosomes and mitogenomes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- A genomic perspective on South American human history.Genetics and molecular biology · 2022Article
- The Ancestry of Eastern Paraguay: A Typical South American Profile with a Unique Pattern of Admixture.Genes · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
- Tracing the genetic history of the 'Cañaris' from Ecuador and Peru using uniparental DNA markers.BMC genomics · 2020Article
- Article
- The Current Genomic Landscape of Western South America: Andes, Amazonia, and Pacific Coast.Molecular biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Cultural Innovations Influence Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Northwestern Amazonia.Molecular biology and evolution · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Inca Empire is claimed to have driven massive population movements in western South America, and to have spread Quechua, the most widely-spoken language family of the indigenous Americas. A test-case is the Chachapoyas region of northern Peru, reported as a focal point of Inca population displacements. Chachapoyas also spans the environmental, cultural and demographic divides between Amazonia and the Andes, and stands along the lowest-altitude corridor from the rainforest to the Pacific coast. Following a sampling strategy informed by linguistic data, we collected 119 samples, analysed for full mtDNA genomes and Y-chromosome STRs. We report a high indigenous component, which stands apart from the network of intense genetic exchange in the core central zone of Andean civilization, and is also distinct from neighbouring populations. This unique genetic profile challenges the routine assumption of large-scale population relocations by the Incas. Furthermore, speakers of Chachapoyas Quechua are found to share no particular genetic similarity or gene-flow with Quechua speakers elsewhere, suggesting that here the language spread primarily by cultural diffusion, not migration. Our results demonstrate how population genetics, when fully guided by the archaeological, historical and linguistic records, can inform multiple disciplines within anthropology.
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