ArticleNature communications2017
A Paleocene penguin from New Zealand substantiates multiple origins of gigantism in fossil Sphenisciformes.
Article in Nature communications, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toward a Comprehensive Anatomical Matrix for Crown Birds: Phylogenetic Insights from the Pectoral Girdle and Forelimb Skeleton.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- A new tiny fossil penguin from the Late Oligocene of New Zealand and the morphofunctional transition of the penguin wing.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2024Article
- The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic.Cambridge prisms. Extinction · 2024Review
- Dollo meets Bergmann: morphological evolution in secondary aquatic mammals.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Genomic insights into the secondary aquatic transition of penguins.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Wing Musculature Reconstruction in Extinct Flightless Auks (Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Article
- High-coverage genomes to elucidate the evolution of penguins.GigaScience · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One of the notable features of penguin evolution is the occurrence of very large species in the early Cenozoic, whose body size greatly exceeded that of the largest extant penguins. Here we describe a new giant species from the late Paleocene of New Zealand that documents the very early evolution of large body size in penguins. Kumimanu biceae, n. gen. et sp. is larger than all other fossil penguins that have substantial skeletal portions preserved. Several plesiomorphic features place the new species outside a clade including all post-Paleocene giant penguins. It is phylogenetically separated from giant Eocene and Oligocene penguin species by various smaller taxa, which indicates multiple origins of giant size in penguin evolution. That a penguin rivaling the largest previously known species existed in the Paleocene suggests that gigantism in penguins arose shortly after these birds became flightless divers. Our study therefore strengthens previous suggestions that the absence of very large penguins today is likely due to the Oligo-Miocene radiation of marine mammals.
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