ReviewNeuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society2018
Muscle Control and Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain.
Review in Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Effects of McGill Stabilization Exercises and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain
Comparative Effect of Egoscue Versus Pilates Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion, Flexibility and Muscles Endurance in Patients With Mechanical Low Back Pain
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 632 patients.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- Ultrasound Imaging as a Visual Biofeedback Tool in Rehabilitation: An Updated Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of lumbar stabilization and stretching exercises on pain, disability, and characteristics of the lumbar paraspinal muscles in chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Trial
- Effect of core stabilization exercises on lumbar multifidus morphology and functional outcomes in chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- Effects of balance and hamstring training on nonspecific low back pain: A randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effect of exercise and manual therapy or kinesiotaping on sEMG and pain perception in chronic low back pain: a randomized trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation with motor control exercise can improve lumbar multifidus activation in individuals with recurrent low back pain.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Trial
- The Effects Of Myofascial Release Technique Combined With Core Stabilization Exercise In Elderly With Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled, Single-Blind Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2019Trial
- Ultrasound estimated connective tissue proportion is lower after 6 months of restorative neurostimulation therapy: an exploratory analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Association between ClinFIT, pain, disability, and spinal mobility in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: single-arm prospective pre-post cohort study.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- AI-Supported Functional Pain Phenotyping in Low Back Pain Using Sensor-Based Gait and Neuromuscular Biomarkers.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spinal mobility and paraspinal muscle degeneration: a cross-sectional analysis from the Berlin Back Study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Restorative neurostimulation of the lumbar multifidus muscles improves mobility, strength, pain and disability in patients with mechanical chronic low back pain.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Etiological Differences in Chronic Low Back Pain Matter for Women's Sexual Health and Well-Being: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Neuromuscular and Kinetic Adaptations to Symmetric and Asymmetric Load Carriage During Walking in Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Research Trends and Insights in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Bibliometric Analysis (1996-2025).Pain research & management · 2026Review
- Advances in mechanical assessments of in vivo human lumbar spine tissues with noninvasive imaging techniques.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesChronic low back pain (CLBP) is the most prevalent of the painful musculoskeletal conditions. CLBP is a heterogeneous condition with many causes and diagnoses, but there are few established therapies with strong evidence of effectiveness (or cost effectiveness). CLBP for which it is not possible to identify any specific cause is often referred to as non-specific chronic LBP (NSCLBP). One type of NSCLBP is continuing and recurrent primarily nociceptive CLBP due to vertebral joint overload subsequent to functional instability of the lumbar spine. This condition may occur due to disruption of the motor control system to the key stabilizing muscles in the lumbar spine, particularly the lumbar multifidus muscle (MF).
methodsThis review presents the evidence for MF involvement in CLBP, mechanisms of action of disruption of control of the MF, and options for restoring control of the MF as a treatment for NSCLBP.
resultsImaging assessment of motor control dysfunction of the MF in individual patients is fraught with difficulty. MRI or ultrasound imaging techniques, while reliable, have limited diagnostic or predictive utility. For some patients, restoration of motor control to the MF with specific exercises can be effective, but population results are not persuasive since most patients are unable to voluntarily contract the MF and may be inhibited from doing so due to arthrogenic muscle inhibition.
conclusionsTargeting MF control with restorative neurostimulation promises a new treatment option.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.