ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2018
Effects of analgesics on bone mineral density: A longitudinal analysis of the prospective SWAN cohort with three-group matching weights.
Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Associated with Low Bone Density in Opioid Substitution Therapy Patients: A Systematic Review.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Circulating microRNA expression underlying the association of opioid use with low bone mineral density.JBMR plus · 2026Article
- Sustained Morphine Delivery Suppresses Bone Formation and Alters Metabolic and Circulating miRNA Profiles in Male C57BL/6J Mice.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2022Article
- Article
- Commonly Initiated Opioids and Risk of Fracture Hospitalizations in United States Nursing Homes.Drugs & aging · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo examine the effects of analgesics on bone mineral density (BMD), which have not been examined in a longitudinal study with multiple measurements.
methodsWe investigated changes in BMD associated with new use of analgesics in a prospective longitudinal cohort of mid-life women. BMD and medication use were measured annually. We compared BMD among new users of acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and opioids. Adjustment for baseline covariates was conducted through propensity score matching weights. On-treatment analysis was conducted with inverse probability of censoring weights. Analysis based on the initial treatment group was also conducted to provide insights into selection bias. Repeated BMD measurements were examined with generalized estimating equations.
resultsWe identified 71 acetaminophen new users, 659 NSAID new users, and 84 opioid new users among 2365 participants. In the on-treatment analysis, the opioid group in comparison to the acetaminophen group had an additional average BMD decline of -0.06% [-1.24, 1.11] per year in the spine and -0.45% [-1.51, 0.61] per year in the femoral neck. BMD mean trajectories over time suggested a fifth-year decline in the opioid persistent users compared with other 2 groups. In the initial treatment group analysis, all 3 groups showed similar trajectories.
conclusionThe BMD decline over time was similar among the 3 groups. However, 5 years of continuous opioid use may be associated with a greater BMD decline than 5 years on other analgesics. Further studies examining the relationship between very long-term persistent opioid use and BMD are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.