ArticleLangenbeck's archives of surgery2018
Use of methylene blue and near-infrared fluorescence in thyroid and parathyroid surgery.
Article in Langenbeck's archives of surgery, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02089542 (Development of a Clinical Protocol to Use Intra-operative Near Infra-red Fluorescent Imaging in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Development of a Clinical Protocol to Use Intra-operative Near Infra-red Fluorescent Imaging in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probes for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery: Current Clinical Probes and Emerging Candidates.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advances in Optical and Fluorescence Imaging for Surgical Management of Thyroid Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Robot-Assisted Resection of a Superior Prevascular Mediastinal Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma by Subxiphoid Approach: A Case Report.Surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Mediastinal parathyroid adenoma: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2026Review
- Electromagnetic navigation-guided TOES for parapharyngeal tumors: a comparative study on precision and safety.BMC surgery · 2025Article
- Application of NIR Fluorescent Materials in Imaging and Treatment of Tumors of Different Depths.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review of Clinically Assessed Molecular Fluorophores for Intraoperative Image Guided Surgery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Deep learning-based cell segmentation for rapid optical cytopathology of thyroid cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- The Use of Natural Bioactive Nutraceuticals in the Management of Tick-Borne Illnesses.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- The Utility of Near-Infrared Autofluorescence for Parathyroid Gland Identification During Thyroid Surgery: A Single-Center Experience.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2023Article
- Feasibility of parathyroid gland autofluorescence imaging after indocyanine green fluorescence angiography.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Intraoperative prevention of postoperative hypoparathyroidism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Near-infrared fluorescent imaging techniques for the detection and preservation of parathyroid glands during endocrine surgery.Innovative surgical sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Methylene Blue Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in Breast Cancer Sentinel Node Biopsy.Cancers · 2022Article
- Fluorescence Polarization Imaging of Methylene Blue Facilitates Quantitative Detection of Thyroid Cancer in Single Cells.Cancers · 2022Article
- The utility of indocyanine green (ICG) for the identification and assessment of viability of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy.Updates in surgery · 2022Observational
- Localization of Ectopic Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenomas Using Indigo Carmine Injection for Surgical Management: A Preliminary Report.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIntraoperative localisation and preservation of parathyroid glands improves outcomes following thyroid and parathyroid surgery. This can be facilitated by fluorescent imaging and methylene blue; a fluorophore is thought to be taken up avidly by parathyroid glands. This preliminary study aims to identify the optimum dose of methylene blue (MB), fluorescent patterns of thyroid and parathyroid glands and develop a protocol for the use of intravenous MB emitted fluorescence to enable parathyroid identification.
methodsThis is a phase 1b, interventional study (NCT02089542) involving 41 patients undergoing thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery. After exposure of the thyroid and/or parathyroid gland(s), intravenous boluses of between 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg of MB were injected. Fluobeam® (a hand held fluorescence real-time imager) was used to record fluorescence from the operating field prior and up to 10 min following administration.
resultsThe optimum dose of MB to visualise thyroid and parathyroid glands was 0.4 mg/kg body weight. The median time to onset of fluorescence was 23 and 22 s and the median time to peak fluorescence was 41.5 and 40 s, respectively. The peak fluorescence for thyroid and parathyroid glands compared to muscle were 2.6 and 4.3, respectively. Parathyroid auto-fluorescence prior to methylene blue injection was commonly observed.
conclusionsA clinical protocol for detection of fluorescence from MB during thyroid and parathyroid surgery is presented. Parathyroids (especially enlarged glands) fluoresce more intensely than thyroid glands. Auto-fluorescence may aid parathyroid detection, but MB fluorescence is needed to demonstrate viability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.