ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2018
Individualized Glycemic Control for U.S. Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Methodologies Used in Models of the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.PharmacoEconomics · 2024Pooled it
- Feasibility of glycated haemoglobin target-setting in adults with diabetes: A mixed-methods study.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Prescription Digital Therapeutic in Type 2 Diabetes.Advances in therapy · 2024Trial
- Development and Internal Validation of the Multiethnic Type 2 Diabetes Outcomes Model for the U.S. (DOMUS).Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Demographic, Clinical, Psychosocial, and Behavioral Predictors of Continuous Glucose Monitor Use in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Observational
- Trends and Predictors of Glycemic Control Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Covered by Alabama Medicaid, 2011-2019.Preventing chronic disease · 2023Article
- Rates and Correlates of Uptake of Continuous Glucose Monitors Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care and Endocrinology Settings.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Individualized Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Iran: A Multi-Center Data Analysis.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- First-Line Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists : A Cost-Effectiveness Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2022Article
- The individualisation of glycaemic targets in response to patient characteristics in type 2 diabetes: a scoping review.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2022Article
- Cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide added to current antihyperglycemic treatment for type 2 diabetes.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2021Article
- Alternative type 2 diabetes screening tests may reduce the number of U.S. adults with undiagnosed diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2020Article
- Individualized Therapy for Hypothyroidism: Is T4 Enough for Everyone?The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Review
- The Effectiveness and Value of Oral Semaglutide for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2020Article
- Finding the clinical utility of 1,5-anhydroglucitol among primary care practitioners.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2020Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Point-of-Care A1C Tests in a Primary Care Setting.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- National physician survey on glycemic goals and medical decision making for patients with type 2 diabetes.Medicine · 2019Article
- The Impact of Biomarker Screening and Cascade Genetic Testing on the Cost-Effectiveness of MODY Genetic Testing.Diabetes care · 2019Article
- Personalizing Second-Line Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Selection: Combining Network Meta-analysis, Individualized Risk, and Patient Preferences for Unified Decision Support.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2019Article
- Control of glycemia and blood pressure in British adults with diabetes mellitus and subsequent therapy choices: a comparison across health states.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Intensive glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] level <7%) is an established, cost-effective standard of care. However, guidelines recommend individualizing goals on the basis of age, comorbidity, diabetes duration, and complications. Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of individualized control versus uniform intensive control (HbA1c level <7%) for the U.S. population with type 2 diabetes. Design: Patient-level Monte Carlo-based Markov model. Data Sources: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012. Target Population: The approximately 17.3 million persons in the United States with diabetes diagnosed at age 30 years or older. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Health care sector. Intervention: Individualized versus uniform intensive glycemic control. Outcome Measures: Average lifetime costs, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Results of Base-Case Analysis: Individualized control saved $13 547 per patient compared with uniform intensive control ($105 307 vs. $118 854), primarily due to lower medication costs ($34 521 vs. $48 763). Individualized control decreased life expectancy (20.63 vs. 20.73 years) due to an increase in complications but produced more QALYs (16.68 vs. 16.58) due to fewer hypoglycemic events and fewer medications. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Individualized control was cost-saving and generated more QALYs compared with uniform intensive control, except in analyses where the disutility associated with receiving diabetes medications was decreased by at least 60%. Limitation: The model did not account for effects of early versus later intensive glycemic control. Conclusion: Health policies and clinical programs that encourage an individualized approach to glycemic control for U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes reduce costs and increase quality of life compared with uniform intensive control. Additional research is needed to confirm the risks and benefits of this strategy. Primary Funding Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
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Registered trials
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