ArticlePeerJ2017
Relationships between consumption of ultra-processed foods, gestational weight gain and neonatal outcomes in a sample of US pregnant women.
Article in PeerJ, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods-Rich Diet and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Impacts of Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods on the Maternal-Child Health: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Worldwide Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods: Findings and Criticisms.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Associations between Maternal Dietary Patterns and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Ultraprocessed foods consumption and risk of preeclampsia: a secondary analysis of the improving mothers for a better prenatal care trial Barcelona (IMPACT BCN) randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- Effect of dietary and lifestyle intervention in pregnant women: randomized clinical trial.Revista de saude publica · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of a minimally processed food-based nutritional counselling intervention on weight gain in overweight pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- A secondary analysis of maternal ultra-processed food intake in women with overweight or obesity and associations with gestational weight gain and neonatal body composition outcomes.Journal of mother and child · 2021Trial
- Unhealthy Diets, Unhealthy Futures: How Modern Eating Patterns Endanger Maternal and Offspring Health.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Associations Between Household Food Insecurity and Participation in Nutrition Assistance Programs, and Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Diet Quality Among Pregnant Women in NHANES, 2001-2018.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Fetal Outcome, Short- and Long-Term Health Effects: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Assessment of construct validity and reliability of the Canadian Ultra-Processed Product Screener.Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- Seventy-Five Percent of Total Energy Intake Comes From Ultra-Processed Foods Among a Sample of Veterans With Overweight and Obesity: An Exploratory Analysis of Three-Day Food Records.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2026Article
- The Association Between Periconceptional Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and the Incidence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Ultra-processed food consumption across early life: implications for pediatric health and disease risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Ultra-processed food intake, diet quality, and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional analysis from the Mutaba'ah study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- Association of Maternal Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods with Feeding Practices and Malnutrition in Breastfed Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Childhood Obesity: Current evidence and perspectives.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- The consequences of ultra-processed foods on brain development during prenatal, adolescent and adult stages.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods Among Brazilian Pregnant Women Attended in Primary Healthcare.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAn increasingly large share of diet comes from ultra-processed foods (UPFs), which are assemblages of food substances designed to create durable, convenient and palatable ready-to-eat products. There is increasing evidence that high UPF consumption is indicative of poor diet and is associated with obesity and metabolic disorders. This study sought to examine the relationship between percent of energy intake from ultra-processed foods (PEI-UPF) during pregnancy and maternal gestational weight gain, maternal lipids and glycemia, and neonatal body composition. We also compared the PEI-UPF indicator against the US government's Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010).
methodsData were used from a longitudinal study performed in 2013-2014 at the Women's Health Center and Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinic in St. Louis, MO, USA. Subjects were pregnant women in the normal and obese weight ranges, as well as their newborns (
resultsAn average of 54.4 ± 13.2% of energy intake was derived from UPFs. A 1%-point increase in PEI-UPF was associated with a 1.33 kg increase in gestational weight gain ( DISCUSSION: PEI-UPF (percent of energy intake from ultra-processed foods) was associated with and may be a useful predictor of increased gestational weight gain and neonatal body fat. PEI-UPF was a better predictor of all tested outcomes than either total energy or fat intake, and a better predictor of the three infant body fat measures than HEI-2010. UPF consumption should be limited during pregnancy and diet quality should be maximized in order to improve maternal and neonatal health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.