ArticleNature nanotechnology2018
Nanoparticle orientation to control RNA loading and ligand display on extracellular vesicles for cancer regression.
Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 236 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
236 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 484 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unveiling the functional paradigm of exosome-derived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer: based on a narrative review and systematic review.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Extracellular vesicles in targeted drug delivery: from biological functions to surface engineering.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Nanocarrier Systems for Plant-Derived Bioactives: Design, Biosafety, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicle-Lipid Hybrid Systems for RNA Delivery in Cancer: Structural Classification, Functional Delivery, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Bioprinted Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-laden Microfiber-derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Endometrial Repair and Fertility Recovery in Intrauterine Adhesions.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Extracellular-Vesicle-Associated Nucleic Acids in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases: A Narrative Review.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Engineered Exosomes in Precision Neuro-Oncology: Mechanisms, Therapeutics, and Translational Challenges.Cancers · 2026Review
- Target therapeutic exploitation of engineered exosome-mediated delivery of ncRNAs in cancer.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Transforming Duchenne muscular dystrophy therapy: The multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles and exosomes.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- CRISPR Interference to Inhibit Oncogenes for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Plant-derived exosomes: an emerging delivery platform for cancer therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Exosomes as Emerging Nanocarriers for Targeted Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- From Uptake to Therapeutic Function in Engineered Exosome Delivery Systems.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Precision Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles as Programmable Carriers for mRNA Therapeutics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Engineering Small Extracellular Vesicles for Colon-Targeted Delivery: Microenvironment-Responsive Design, Therapeutic Mechanisms, and Clinical Translation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Clinical relevance of extracellular vesicles in cancer - therapeutic and diagnostic potential.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Exosomes in cancer metabolism and drug resistance: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Review
- GENRISE-induced superior extracellular vesicles for scalable therapeutic cargo delivery.Science advances · 2025Article
- Advances in RNA-based cancer therapeutics: pre-clinical and clinical implications.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Unravelling Ligand Conjugation Performance in Extracellular Vesicles: A Quantitative Assessment of Lipid, Protein, and Membrane Modifications.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
176 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers many benefits, and here we report an advantage of applying RNA nanotechnology for directional control. The orientation of arrow-shaped RNA was altered to control ligand display on extracellular vesicle membranes for specific cell targeting, or to regulate intracellular trafficking of small interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA (miRNA). Placing membrane-anchoring cholesterol at the tail of the arrow results in display of RNA aptamer or folate on the outer surface of the extracellular vesicle. In contrast, placing the cholesterol at the arrowhead results in partial loading of RNA nanoparticles into the extracellular vesicles. Taking advantage of the RNA ligand for specific targeting and extracellular vesicles for efficient membrane fusion, the resulting ligand-displaying extracellular vesicles were capable of specific delivery of siRNA to cells, and efficiently blocked tumour growth in three cancer models. Extracellular vesicles displaying an aptamer that binds to prostate-specific membrane antigen, and loaded with survivin siRNA, inhibited prostate cancer xenograft. The same extracellular vesicle instead displaying epidermal growth-factor receptor aptamer inhibited orthotopic breast cancer models. Likewise, survivin siRNA-loaded and folate-displaying extracellular vesicles inhibited patient-derived colorectal cancer xenograft.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.