ArticleScientific reports2017
CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides developed for grouper toll-like receptor (TLR) 21s effectively activate mouse and human TLR9s mediated immune responses.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Evaluation of Single and Combination Pharmacologic and Device-Based Anti-scar Therapies in a Murine Linear Wound Model.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Absence of Toll-like Receptor 21 (Biology · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors in fish: evolution, structure, immune signaling, and translational prospects for adjuvant-based vaccine design in aquaculture.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Baculovirus Vector-Based Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine as a Promising Alternative with Enhanced Safety and Therapeutic Functions.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of dietary heat-killed Bacillus subtilis harboring plasmid containing 60 copies of CpG-ODN 1668 against Vibrio harveyi in Penaeus vannamei.Veterinary research communications · 2024Article
- Induction of Immune Responses and Phosphatidylserine Exposure by TLR9 Activation Results in a Cooperative Antitumor Effect with a Phosphatidylserine-targeting Prodrug.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- TLR9 and STING agonists cooperatively boost the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine through an increased germinal center B cell response and reshaped T helper responses.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- Comparative study of the impact of dietary supplementation with different types of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) on enhancing intestinal microbiota diversity, antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression profiles in Pacific white shrimp (Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Formulation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides and Squalene Nanoparticles Modulates Immunological Aspects Following Intranasal Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Baculovirus Display of Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E Induces Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice.Viruses · 2022Article
- Sharpening up tumor microenvironment to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade on head and neck cancer using a CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Article
- The Immunomodulatory Functions of Various CpG Oligodeoxynucleotideson CEF Cells and HVaccines · 2022Article
- Toll-Like Receptor 21 of Chicken and Duck Recognize a Broad Array of Immunostimulatory CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide Sequences.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Harnessing the Complete Repertoire of Conventional Dendritic Cell Functions for Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Evolutionary History of the Toll-Like Receptor Gene Family across Vertebrates.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- ERK Activation Modulates Cancer Stemness and Motility of a Novel Mouse Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line.Cancers · 2019Article
- Modulating Immune Response with Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Oncotherapy.Oncology research · 2019Review
- Cell Type Specific Expression of Toll-Like Receptors in Human Brains and Implications in Alzheimer's Disease.BioMed research international · 2019Review
- Immunostimulatory Activities of CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotides in Teleosts: Toll-Like Receptors 9 and 21.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Synthetic phosphorothiolate-modified CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) are potent immune stimuli. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 and TLR21 are their cellular receptors in different species. The structural requirements for CpG-ODN to strongly activate TLR9 have been relatively well studied, but studies on TLR21 are in their infancy. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the interaction between CpG-ODNs and TLR21s from groupers (Epinephelus spp.), which are economically important fish species. We cloned the cDNA of giant grouper (E. lanceolatus) TLR21, and compared its sequence with orange-spotted grouper (E. coioides) TLR21A and TLR21B. These three receptors were activated by CpG-ODNs containing the GTCGTT motif but not by those containing the GACGTT motif. We developed two CpG-ODNs that contained 19 phosphorothiolated deoxynucleotides with one or two GTCGTT motifs. These CpG-ODNs had better activity on grouper TLR21s than currently developed CpG-ODNs, and produced similar immune stimulatory profiles when applied to cells isolated from orange-spotted grouper. The developed CpG-ODNs also effectively activated both human and mouse TLR9-mediated NF-κB activation and cytokine productions. These findings suggest that the GTCGTT motif is required for CpG-ODNs to activate grouper TLR21s, and that the CpG-ODNs that were developed for grouper TLR21s contain structures that effectively activate human and mouse TLR9s.
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Registered trials
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