ArticleEpidemiology and infection2018
The unwelcome houseguest: secondary household transmission of norovirus.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Person-to-Person Transmission During a Norovirus Outbreak in a Korean Kindergarten: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Acute Gastroenteritis Among Household Contacts of Children with Severe Norovirus Gastroenteritis, United States, 2011-2016.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Article
- Proteomics as a complementary approach to measure norovirus infection in clinical samples.Virology · 2025Review
- Pairwise Accelerated Failure Time Regression Models for Infectious Disease Transmission in Close-Contact Groups With External Sources of Infection.Statistics in medicine · 2024Article
- Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreak Among Colorado River Rafters and Backpackers in the Grand Canyon, 2022.Wilderness & environmental medicine · 2024Article
- Transmission Patterns of Norovirus From Infected Children to Household Members in León, Nicaragua.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Article
- Household Transmission of Viral Acute Gastroenteritis Among Participants Within an Integrated Health Care Delivery System, 2014-2016.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Norovirus Infections Among Diarrhea Patients Admitted to Tertiary Care Hospitals in Bangladesh.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Risk for Asymptomatic Household Transmission of Clostridioides difficile Infection Associated with Recently Hospitalized Family Members.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Human Astrovirus Outbreak in a Daycare Center and Propagation among Household Contacts.Viruses · 2021Article
- Immunologic and Epidemiologic Drivers of Norovirus Transmission in Daycare and School Outbreaks.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Estimating and interpreting secondary attack risk: Binomial considered biased.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Norovirus infections and knowledge, attitudes and practices in food safety among food handlers in an informal urban settlement, Kenya 2017.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Household presentation of acute gastroenteritis in a primary care sentinel network: retrospective database studies.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Quantifying the roles of vomiting, diarrhea, and residents vs. staff in norovirus transmission in U.S. nursing home outbreaks.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
- A foodborne norovirus outbreak in a nursing home and spread to staff and their household contacts.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Article
- Application of the susceptible-infected-recovered deterministic model in a GII.P17 emergent norovirus strain outbreak in Romania in 2015.Infection and drug resistance · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in the USA. Although secondary household transmission of norovirus is frequently reported in outbreaks, little is known about specific risk factors for susceptibility and infectiousness in the household. Three norovirus outbreaks were investigated and data were collected on individuals exposed in the primary outbreak setting and their household members. Potential individual- and household-level risk factors for susceptibility and infectiousness were assessed using univariate and multivariate generalised linear mixed models. In the univariate models, the secondary attack rate (SAR) was significantly higher when living in a household with two or more primary cases (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2·1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·37-3·29), more than one primary case with vomiting (IRR = 1·9; CI 1·11-3·37), and at least one primary case with diarrhoea (IRR = 3·0; CI 1·46-6·01). After controlling for other risk factors in the multivariate models, the SAR was significantly higher among those living in a household with two or more primary cases (adjusted IRR = 2·0; CI 1·17-3·47) and at least one primary case with diarrhoea (adjusted IRR = 2·8; CI 1·35-5·93). These findings underscore the importance of maintaining proper hygiene and isolating ill household members to prevent norovirus transmission in the household.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.