ArticleFluids and barriers of the CNS2017
Chemokine and cytokine levels in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of preterm infants with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
Article in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pathophysiologic mechanisms and strategies for the treatment of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2022Pooled it
- Inflammatory Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Literature Review.Disease markers · 2021Pooled it
- Elevated Pro-Inflammatory Cell-Free MicroRNA Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Premature Infants after Intraventricular Hemorrhage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Trial
- Choroid plexus remodeling associated with inflammatory CSF exposure in preterm acquired hydrocephalus.iScience · 2026Article
- Characterizing CSF inflammatory proteomics in pediatric post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and Anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Role of serum magnesium in post-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.Acute and critical care · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation in an Optimized Model of Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA)-Induced Post-hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Hydrocephalus: Molecular and Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Management.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Neuroinflammatory pathways and potential therapeutic targets in neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Identification of CSPG4 as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Infantile Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus via Multi-Omics Analysis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Article
- Research priorities for improving cognitive and neuropsychological outcomes in hydrocephalus.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Review
- Chemokines play a role in nerve damage and neuroprotection in vascular dementia.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Choroid plexus CCL2‒CCR2 signaling orchestrates macrophage recruitment and cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion in hydrocephalus.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- Ventricular catheter tissue obstruction and shunt malfunction in 9 hydrocephalus etiologies.Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics · 2024Article
- Paediatric hydrocephalus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- CXCL10 is a crucial chemoattractant for efficient intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells to the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Article
- Pro-inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid profile of neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage: clinical relevance and contrast with CNS infection.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- Association of inflammatory cytokines expression in cerebrospinal fluid with the severity and prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeuroinflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) of prematurity, but no comprehensive analysis of signaling molecules has been performed using human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
methodsLumbar CSF levels of key cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IFN-γ) and chemokines (XCL-1, CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-19, CXCL-10, CXCL-11, CXCL-12) were measured using conventional and multiplexed Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays and compared between preterm infants with PHH and those with no known neurological injury. The relationships between individual biomarker levels and specific CSF cell counts were examined.
resultsTotal protein (TP) CSF levels were elevated in the PHH subjects compared to controls. CSF levels of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, CCL-3, CCL-19, and CXCL-10 were significantly increased in PHH whereas XCL-1 was significantly decreased in PHH. When normalizing by TP, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, CCL-3, and CCL-19 levels were significantly elevated compared to controls, while XCL-1 levels remained significantly decreased. Among those with significantly different levels in both absolute and normalized levels, only absolute CCL-19 levels showed a significant correlation with CSF nucleated cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. IL-1β and CXCL-10 also were correlated with total cell count, nucleated cells, red blood cells, and neutrophils.
conclusionsNeuroinflammation is likely to be an important process in the pathophysiology of PHH. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate CSF levels of chemokines in PHH as well as the only one to show XCL-1 selectively decreased in a diseased state. Additionally, CCL-19 was the only analyte studied that showed significant differences between groups and had significant correlation with cell count analysis. The selectivity of CCL-19 and XCL-1 should be further investigated. Future studies will further delineate the role of these cytokines and chemokines in PHH.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.