ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2017
Treatment with Botulinum toxin A in a total population of children with cerebral palsy - a retrospective cohort registry study.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of Botulinum Toxin Injection in Hip Adductor Muscles on Gross Motor Function in Low-Functioning Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Yonsei medical journal · 2026Article
- Prevalence of valgus and varus foot deformities in 2784 children with cerebral palsy, a register-based cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Sequence of flexion contracture development in the lower limb: a longitudinal analysis of 1,071 children with cerebral palsy.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Reliability of the Modified Ashworth and Modified Tardieu Scales with Standardized Movement Speeds in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Northern Europe: a CP-North registry study.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- Knee and foot contracture occur earliest in children with cerebral palsy: a longitudinal analysis of 2,693 children.Acta orthopaedica · 2021Article
- Gender differences in treatments and interventions received by children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
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- Improving the Health of Individuals With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for the Multidisciplinary Research Program MOVING ON WITH CP.JMIR research protocols · 2019Article
- The development of spasticity with age in 4,162 children with cerebral palsy: a register-based prospective cohort study.Acta orthopaedica · 2019Article
- How pain management for children with cerebral palsy in South African schools complies with up-to-date knowledge.African journal of disability · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBotulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has been used to reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) for decades. The purpose of this study was to analyze to what extent BTX-A treatment was used to treat spasticity in a total population of children with CP. We investigated 1) the use of BTX-A in relation to age, sex, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, 2) the most common muscle groups treated with BTX-A in relation to the same variables, and 3) changes in the proportions of children treated with BTX-A between two time points (2010 and 2015).
methodsThe study was based on data from CPUP, a combined Swedish follow-up program and national healthcare registry, comprising >95% of all children with CP in Sweden. The participants (N = 3028) were born in 2000 or later. Potential BTX-A treatment and treated muscle groups were included from all CPUP assessments recorded in the registry in 2014-2015. In Aim 3, BTX-A administration in 3-5 year-olds at two time points was assessed. Crosstabs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for binominal proportions were calculated and logistic regression was used to regress age, sex, and GMFCS level on BTX-A treatment. Muscle groups treated with BTX-A were assessed using crosstabs and 95% CIs. Proportional change in BTX-A treatment over a 5-year period was analyzed using chi-square.
resultsWe included 3028 children (57% boys; median age 7 years) of whom 26% received BTX-A. Significantly more boys (28%) than girls (23%) received BTX-A (OR = 1.25, [95% CI 1.05-1.48]). Significant differences were found for age and GMFCS levels; 4-6 year-olds and those at GMFCS III-IV were more likely to receive BTX-A. BTX-A treatment in the gastrocnemius muscle was most common in the 4-6 year-olds and at GMFCS I-III, whereas treatment of the hamstring and adductor muscles was more common in older children and at GMFCS IV-V. No significant change in the proportion of BTX-A administered in 2010 and 2015 was demonstrated.
conclusionsBTX-A treatment differed based on age, sex, and GMFCS level. Proportion of BTX-A treatment in Sweden has remained stable during the past five years.
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