ReviewOncotarget2017
Soluble PD-1 and PD-L1: predictive and prognostic significance in cancer.
Review in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 305 citations in OpenAlex.
- The potential of soluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 and soluble programmed cell death 1 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Karelizumab Combined with Apatinib in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer.Disease markers · 2022Pooled it
- Emerging Blood-Based Biomarkers for Predicting Response to Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of PD-L1 in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis.Disease markers · 2020Pooled it
- Immunomodulation by durvalumab and pomalidomide in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Soluble PD-L1 is a promising disease biomarker but does not reflect tissue expression in classic Hodgkin lymphoma.British journal of haematology · 2021Trial
- Splicing-driven post-translational dysregulation: a new frontier for precision cancer medicine and immunotherapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Serum soluble PD-L1 predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development across distinct virological cohorts of chronic hepatitis C.Hepatology international · 2026Article
- Plant-derived exosomes: an emerging delivery platform for cancer therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Experimental Optimization of a Plasmonic Surface Biofunctionalization, toward the Bimodal Biosensing and Kinetic Characterization of sPD1.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Role of PD-L1 in the Pathogenesis of Pre-Eclampsia and Its Association with Adverse Fetal Outcomes.Turk patoloji dergisi · 2026Article
- Physical activity attenuates PD-1/PD-L1 expression and enhances CD4⁺ T-cell function in COPD patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint changes correlate with the progression and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Prognostic significance of tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes in ovarian cancer: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Overcoming resistance to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy: mechanisms, combination strategies, and future directions.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Dysregulation in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Study of sCTLA-4 and sPD-L1 as Biomarkers of Symptomatic Vasospasm.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Serum sPD-1 as a marker of T cell exhaustion in ART-naïve, ART-experienced, and intestinal parasite co-infected HIV-positive adults at the university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Soluble Co-Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Molecules Are Increased in Patients With Polymyalgia Rheumatica Without Significant Correlations With Clinical Status: A Case-Control Study.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Transient intracellular expression of PD-L1 and VEGFR2 bispecific nanobody in cancer cells inspires long-term T cell activation and infiltration to combat tumor and inhibit cancer metastasis.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The membrane-bound molecules programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 (PD-1/PD-L1) belong to the immune checkpoint pathway. PD-1 pathway downregulates effector T cells in immune response, thereby causing immune suppression. Recent studies have revealed that membrane-bound PD-1 and PD-L1 also have soluble forms. These soluble forms increase the complexity and diversity of the composition and function of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. However, the exact roles of these molecules remain unknown. The objective of this systematic review was to elucidate the biological significance of soluble PD-1/PD-L1 in human cancers and evaluate whether they are potential diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic biomarkers. We expect to provide new clues for future research on soluble PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in human malignant tumors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.