ReviewBMJ global health2017
Beyond menstrual hygiene: addressing vaginal bleeding throughout the life course in low and middle-income countries.
Review in BMJ global health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perceptions and experiences of the prevention, detection, and management of postpartum haemorrhage: a qualitative evidence synthesis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- "Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of heavy menstrual bleeding in Africa: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Knowledge, attitudes, and support of women's menstrual experiences: A cross-sectional survey of men in Kampala, Uganda.Health & place · 2025Article
- Adolescent menstrual health must go beyond pads.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Adolescent boys' sociocultural beliefs and attitudes toward menstruation in selected high schools in Ghana: Mediation and moderation effect of knowledge.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Examination of the proposed relationships between cyclic menstruation and human reproduction.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Flooding and elevated prenatal depression in rural Bangladesh: A mixed methods study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Unmet menstrual needs and psychosocial well-being among schoolgirls in Northern Tanzania: baseline results from the PASS MHW study.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, practices and effectiveness of menstrual hygiene interventions in rural schools from Lilongwe, Malawi.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Obstetric danger signs in context: A mixed methods study exploring knowledge and sociocultural factors among pregnant women.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- Indigenous Peoples' Experience and Understanding of Menstrual and Gynecological Health in Australia, Canada and New Zealand: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Behaviors and practices of incarcerated women towards menstrual hygiene in a large urban prison in Uganda: a phenomenological qualitative study.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Access to online learning: Machine learning analysis from a social justice perspective.Education and information technologies · 2023Article
- Menstruation, Myopia, and Marginalization: Advancing Menstrual Policies to "Keep Girls in School" at the Risk of Exacerbating Inequalities.Health and human rights · 2022Review
- Article
- Menstrual health: a definition for policy, practice, and research.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2021Article
- Qualitative study exploring the barriers to menstrual hygiene management faced by adolescents and young people with a disability, and their carers in the Kavrepalanchok district, Nepal.BMC public health · 2021Article
- The state of adolescent menstrual health in low- and middle-income countries and suggestions for future action and research.Reproductive health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Girls and women experience numerous types of vaginal bleeding. These include healthy reproductive processes, such as menstruation and bleeding after childbirth, but also bleeding related to health conditions, such as fibroids or cancer. In most societies, the management of menstruation is handled covertly, something girls are often instructed about at menarche. The management of other vaginal bleeding is often similarly discreet, although behaviours are not well documented. In many societies, cultural taboos frequently hinder open discussion around vaginal bleeding, restricting information and early access to healthcare. Additionally, the limited availability of clean, accessible water and sanitation facilities in many low and middle-income countries augments the challenges girls and women face in conducting daily activities while managing vaginal bleeding, including participating in school or work, going to the market or fetching water. This paper aims to highlight the key vaginal bleeding experiences throughout a woman's life course and the intersection of these bleeding experiences with their access to adequate water and sanitation facilities, information and education sources, and supplies. The aim is to address the silence around girls and women's vaginal bleeding and their related social, physical and clinical management needs across the life course; and highlight critical gaps that require attention in research, practice and policy around this neglected topic of health and gender equality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.