ArticleProceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences2017
Force direction patterns promote whole body stability even in hip-flexed walking, but not upper body stability in human upright walking.
Article in Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- The rotary component of leg force during walking and running.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2019Trial
- Asymmetrical spatiotemporal adjustment between the limbs after self-mobilization exercise program.Journal of physical therapy science · 2026Article
- Age-Related Changes in Virtual Pivot Point Position and Variability During Pediatric Gait Development.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Full-Body Motion Capture Gait Dataset of Healthy Young Adults Walking Ramps Up and Down.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Leg compliance is required to explain the ground reaction force patterns and speed ranges in different gaits.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Exploring the control of whole-body angular momentum in young and elderly based on the virtual pivot point concept.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Skipping without and with hurdles in bipedal macaque: global mechanics.The Journal of experimental biology · 2024Article
- The virtual pivot point concept improves predictions of ground reaction forces.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Walking like a robot: do the ground reaction forces still intersect near one point when humans imitate a humanoid robot?Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Positioning of pivot points in quadrupedal locomotion: limbs global dynamics in four different dog breeds.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Article
- Frequency-dependent force direction elucidates neural control of balance.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Measuring Gait Stability in People with Multiple Sclerosis Using Different Sensor Locations and Time Scales.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Postural stability in human running with step-down perturbations: an experimental and numerical study.Royal Society open science · 2020Article
- Biarticular muscles are most responsive to upper-body pitch perturbations in human standing.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Spring-loaded inverted pendulum goes through two contraction-extension cycles during the single-support phase of walking.Biology open · 2019Article
- From template to anchors: transfer of virtual pendulum posture control balance template to adaptive neuromuscular gait model increases walking stability.Royal Society open science · 2019Article
- The Benefit of Combining Neuronal Feedback and Feed-Forward Control for Robustness in Step Down Perturbations of Simulated Human Walking Depends on the Muscle Function.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Directing the ground reaction forces to a focal point above the centre of mass of the whole body promotes whole body stability in human and animal gaits similar to a physical pendulum. Here we show that this is the case in human hip-flexed walking as well. For all upper body orientations (upright, 25°, 50°, maximum), the focal point was well above the centre of mass of the whole body, suggesting its general relevance for walking. Deviations of the forces' lines of action from the focal point increased with upper body inclination from 25 to 43 mm root mean square deviation (RMSD). With respect to the upper body in upright gait, the resulting force also passed near a focal point (17 mm RMSD between the net forces' lines of action and focal point), but this point was 18 cm below its centre of mass. While this behaviour mimics an unstable inverted pendulum, it leads to resulting torques of alternating sign in accordance with periodic upper body motion and probably provides for low metabolic cost of upright gait by keeping hip torques small. Stabilization of the upper body is a consequence of other mechanisms, e.g. hip reflexes or muscle preflexes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.