Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29224573›Full record

ArticlePsychological medicine2018

Brain glutamate in medication-free depressed patients: a proton MRS study at 7 Tesla.

Beata R Godlewska, Charles Masaki, Ann L Sharpley, Philip J Cowen, Uzay E Emir

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychological medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Beata R GodlewskaDepartment of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Warneford Hospital,Oxford OX3 7JX,UK.
Charles MasakiDepartment of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Warneford Hospital,Oxford OX3 7JX,UK.
Ann L SharpleyDepartment of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Warneford Hospital,Oxford OX3 7JX,UK.
Philip J CowenDepartment of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Warneford Hospital,Oxford OX3 7JX,UK.
Uzay E EmirOxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Oxford,John Radcliffe Hospital,Oxford OX3 9DU,UK.
University of Oxford · GBWarneford Hospital · GBWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging · GB

Funding

Fostering Research Mentorship & Training during Psychiatry Residency SupplementR25MH094612 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI FAVA, MAURIZIO, GREENFIELD, SHELLY F. · 2011 to 2022
$2.3M
Medical Research Council MR/K022202/1NIMH NIH HHS R25 MH094612
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe possible role of glutamate in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression is of intense current interest. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) enables the detection of glutamate in the living human brain and meta-analyses of previous MRS studies in depressed patients have suggested that glutamate levels are decreased in anterior brain regions. Nevertheless, at conventional magnetic field strengths [1.5-3 Tesla (T)], it is difficult to separate glutamate from its metabolite and precursor, glutamine, with the two often being measured together as Glx. In contrast, MRS at 7 T allows clear spectral resolution of glutamate and glutamine.

methodWe studied 55 un-medicated depressed patients and 50 healthy controls who underwent MRS scanning at 7 T with voxels placed in anterior cingulate cortex, occipital cortex and putamen (PUT). Neurometabolites were calculated using the unsuppressed water signal as a reference.

resultsCompared with controls, depressed patients showed no significant difference in glutamate in any of the three voxels studied; however, glutamine concentrations in the patients were elevated by about 12% in the PUT (p < 0.001).

conclusionsThe increase in glutamine in PUT is of interest in view of the postulated role of the basal ganglia in the neuropsychology of depression and is consistent with elevated activity in the descending cortical glutamatergic innervation to the PUT. The basal ganglia have rarely been the subject of MRS investigations in depressed patients and further MRS studies of these structures in depression are warranted.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultFemaleGlutamic AcidGlutamineGyrus CinguliHumansMajor Depressive DisorderMaleMiddle AgedOccipital LobeProton Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyPutamenYoung AdultGlutamic AcidGlutamineBasal gangliadepressionglutamateglutamineMRS

Identifiers

PMID29224573
PMCPMC6088784
OpenAlexW2773385971

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.