ArticleLung2018
Cigarette Smoke Induces Activation of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes.
Article in Lung, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Hsp70 modulates 16HBE cells' inflammatory responses to cigarette smoke and bacterial components lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid.Cell stress & chaperones · 2022Article
- The Levels of Vitamin D, Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 in COPD Patients, Healthy Smokers and Non-Smokers of Indonesian Citizens.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
- Article
- Impact of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 on COPD Development in Polish Patients: Genetic Polymorphism, Protein Level, and Their Relationship with Lung Function.BioMed research international · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCigarette smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exposure to cigarette smoke may stimulate inflammatory response and activate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) thus resulting in secretion of cellular proteases. The aim of our study was to explore the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) from PMN.
methodsThe study included 23 patients with stable COPD and 9 healthy controls. PMN were isolated from blood of all participants and exposed to 4% CSE or basal culture medium (0% CSE) for 20 h. MMP-9 concentration in PMN culture media was measured using the ELISA method.
resultsExposure of PMN to 4% CSE did not cause cytotoxic effects, as determined by no changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in PMN culture media when compared to untreated PMN (P = 0.689). In basal conditions, PMN of COPD patients released significantly more MMP-9 compared with PMN of healthy controls (P = 0.016). However, concentration ratio of MMP-9 released from PMN exposed to 4% CSE or 0% CSE of each participant was significantly higher for healthy subjects than for COPD patients (P = 0.025).
conclusionCigarette smoke induces activation of PMN in healthy controls. However, chronically activated PMN in COPD patients could not be further stimulated by in vitro exposure to CSE. Constantly raised amount of MMP-9 released into the tissues may be involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix in the lungs as seen in COPD patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.