ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2017
Neutrophil and T-Cell Homeostasis in the Closed Eye.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diurnal Variation, Topographical Distribution and Day-to-Day Repeatability of Ocular Surface Epithelial Immune Cells in Individuals with Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Applied Anatomical and Morphological Characterization of the Ocular Surface of the African Spiny Mice: Acomys cahirinus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Review
- Investigation of the rhythmic recruitment of tear neutrophils to the ocular surface and their phenotypes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Beyond host defense and tissue injury: the emerging role of neutrophils in tissue repair.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Review
- Unveiling the Web: Exploring the Multifaceted Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Ocular Health and Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Living with your biome: how the bacterial microbiome impacts ocular surface health and disease.Expert review of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Ocular surface immune cell diversity in dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Effect of Deposition and Protease Digestion on the Ex Vivo Activity of Antimicrobial Peptide-Coated Contact Lenses.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Increase in the level of oral neutrophils with gingival inflammation - A population survey.The Saudi dental journal · 2022Article
- Chlorhexidine Improves Hygiene Reducing Oral Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes with Antimicrobial Effects at Distinct Microenvironments amongst Subjects Stratified by Health Status.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Differential Reactive Oxygen Species Production of Tear Neutrophils in Response to Various Stimuli In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Does Orthokeratology Wearing Affect the Tear Quality of Children?Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Review
- Investigation of the response of tear-film neutrophils to interleukin 8 and their sensitivity to centrifugation, fixation, and incubation.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- The closed eye harbours a unique microbiome in dry eye disease.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Identification of Leukocytes Associated With Midday Fogging in the Post-Lens Tear Film of Scleral Contact Lens Wearers.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2019Article
- Leukocyte Distribution in the Open Eye Tears of Normal and Dry Eye Subjects.Current eye research · 2018Article
- Persistent Neutrophil Infiltration and Unique Ocular Surface Microbiome Typify Dupilumab-Associated Conjunctivitis in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: This study sought to examine the changes and phenotype of the tear neutrophil and T-cell populations between early eyelid closure and after a full night of sleep. Methods: Fourteen healthy participants were recruited and trained to wash the ocular surface with PBS for at-home self-collection of ocular surface and tear leukocytes following up to 1 hour of sleep and a full night of sleep (average 7 hours), on separate days. Cells were isolated, counted, and incubated with fluorescently labeled antibodies to identify neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. For neutrophil analysis, samples were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or calcium ionophore (CaI) before antibody incubation. Flow cytometry was performed. Results: Following up to 1 hour of sleep, numerous leukocytes were collected (2.6 × 105 ± 3.0 × 105 cells), although significantly (P < 0.005) more accumulated with 7 hours of sleep (9.9 × 105 ± 1.2× 106 cells). Neutrophils (65%), T cells (3%), and monocytes (1%) were identified as part of the closed eye leukocyte infiltration following 7 hours of sleep. Th17 cells represented 22% of the total CD4+ population at the 7-hour time point. Neutrophil phenotype changed with increasing sleep, with a downregulation of membrane receptors CD16, CD11b, CD14, and CD15, indicating a loss in the phagocytic capability of neutrophils. Conclusions: Neutrophils begin accumulating in the closed eye conjunctival sac much earlier than previously demonstrated. The closed eye tears are also populated with T cells, including a subset of Th17 cells. The closed eye environment is more inflammatory than previously thought and is relevant to understanding ocular homeostasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.