ReviewBest practice & research. Clinical rheumatology2017
Genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis.
Review in Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 314 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
314 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 652 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal risk and protective factors for rheumatoid arthritis: a comprehensive mendelian randomization systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Environmental exposures in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a priority-based evidence map, immune-mechanism integration audit and research agenda.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Mediterranean diet and rheumatoid arthritis: A nine-year cohort study and systematic review with meta-analysis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Higher odds of periodontitis in systemic lupus erythematosus compared to controls and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review, meta-analysis and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Bidirectional association between rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- The uni-directional association of atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of dermatological research · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-analysis for Association of Interleukin 4 VNTR Polymorphism with Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk and Severity.Biochemical genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Beyond Pain Intensity: Central Sensitization and Psychosocial Symptom Burden in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Review
- Integrated network toxicology and bioinformatics approaches explore potential mechanisms linking organophosphate flame retardant exposure to rheumatoid arthritis.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Association of leptin gene polymorphisms (rs791620 and rs7799039) with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility and clinical manifestations: a case-control study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Loneliness, traditional risk factor control, genetic predisposition, and development of musculoskeletal disorders.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Distinct immunological signatures in autoimmunity: a multi-plex analysis for the differential diagnosis of established and undifferentiated autoimmune diseases (a cross-sectional pilot study).Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Review
- Toward Precision Health in Autoimmunity and Immune-Related Adverse Events: The Autoantibody Reactome, Spatial Omics, and Multimodal Data Integration.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Alterations in Microbiome-Host Interactions in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Enzymatic Poly(gallic acid)-grafted L-Histidine Reduces Cell Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: In Silico and In Vitro Studies.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- The association between greenness exposure and arthritis in middle-aged and older Chinese adults, mediated by climate factors.BMC public health · 2026Article
254 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple genetic and environmental factors have been associated with an increased risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Of these, the strongest associations have been seen with female sex, a family history of RA, the genetic factor the "shared epitope," and exposure to tobacco smoke. There is also renewed interest in mucosal inflammation and microbial factors as contributors to the development of RA. However, the identification of a "preclinical" period of RA that can be defined as local or systemic autoimmunity as measured by autoantibodies and other biomarkers prior to the development of clinically apparent synovitis suggests that the risk factors for RA are acting long prior to first clinical evidence of IA. As such, a major challenge to the field will be to investigate the full spectrum of the development of RA, from initiation and propagation of autoimmunity during preclinical RA and transition to clinically apparent synovitis and classifiable RA, to determine which genetic and environmental factors are important at each stage of disease development. Understanding the exact role and timing of action of risk factors for RA is especially important given the advent of prevention trials in RA, and the hope that a full understanding of genetic and environmental factors in RA could lead to effective preventive interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.