ReviewFuture microbiology2018
Causes of impaired oral vaccine efficacy in developing countries.
Review in Future microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 207 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions to improve oral vaccine performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Associations Between Histo-blood Group Antigen Status in Mother-Infant Dyads and Infant Oral Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity in Rural Zimbabwe.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Effect of Non-Rotavirus Enteric Infections on Vaccine Efficacy in a ROTASIIL Clinical Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Trial
- Safety of the novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) in infants and young children aged 1 to <5 years and lot-to-lot consistency of the immune response to nOPV2 in infants in The Gambia: a phase 3, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Immunogenicity of a Third Scheduled Dose of Rotarix in Australian Indigenous Infants: A Phase IV, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of the Rotavac and Rotasiil rotavirus vaccines administered in an interchangeable dosing schedule among healthy Indian infants: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 4, non-inferiority trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- The fecal microbiome and rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity in rural Zimbabwean infants.Vaccine · 2021Trial
- Immunogenicity of an oral rotavirus vaccine administered with prenatal nutritional support in Niger: A cluster randomized clinical trial.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Antirotavirus IgA seroconversion rates in children who receive concomitant oral poliovirus vaccine: A secondary, pooled analysis of Phase II and III trial data from 33 countries.PLoS medicine · 2019Trial
- Enteropathogens and Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity in a Cluster Randomized Trial of Improved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Rural Zimbabwe.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2019Trial
- FUT2 Secretor Status Is Not Associated With Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Immunogenicity in South Indian Infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- A phase I trial of WRSS1, aHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Trial
- Klebsiella-dominant gut communities are associated with impeded oral rotavirus vaccine response in infants.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome-enteric virus interactions: mechanisms, clinical implications, and translational directions.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Insights into Microbiota-Vaccine Crosstalk in Humans: Mechanisms, Modulators, and Translational Horizons.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Review
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Oral vaccines are less immunogenic when given to infants in low-income compared with high-income countries, limiting their potential public health impact. Here, we review factors that might contribute to this phenomenon, including transplacental antibodies, breastfeeding, histo blood group antigens, enteric pathogens, malnutrition, microbiota dysbiosis and environmental enteropathy. We highlight several clear risk factors for vaccine failure, such as the inhibitory effect of enteroviruses on oral poliovirus vaccine. We also highlight the ambiguous and at times contradictory nature of the available evidence, which undoubtedly reflects the complex and interconnected nature of the factors involved. Mechanisms responsible for diminished immunogenicity may be specific to each oral vaccine. Interventions aiming to improve vaccine performance may need to reflect the diversity of these mechanisms.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.