Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29218799›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol review2018

Structural factors associated with methamphetamine smoking among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico.

Erin E Conners, Tommi L Gaines, Steffanie A Strathdee, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, Kimberly C Brouwer

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol review, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04706624 (Screen, Treat and Retain Meth-using People With Opioid Use Disorders at Methadone Clinics), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04706624 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Screen, Treat and Retain Meth-using People With Opioid Use Disorders at Methadone Clinics

TypeinterventionalSponsorHanoi Medical UniversityRan2021 to 2025Enrolled667ConditionsMethamphetamine Abuse, Opioid-use Disorder, HIV SeropositivityArmsContingency management (12 weeks), Contingency management (6 weeks), SMS reminders, Matrix only, Matrix + Contingency management
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Health inequities faced by sex workers.The Lancet. Public health · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Erin E ConnersDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1960-558X
Tommi L GainesDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Steffanie A StrathdeeDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Carlos Magis-RodriguezNational Center for the Prevention and Control of HIV and AIDS, Mexico City, Mexico.
Kimberly C BrouwerDepartment of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA.

Funding

VirologyP30AI036214 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI David Mitchell Smith · 1994 to 2026
$78.4M
Training Program in Substance Use, HIV and Related InfectionsT32DA023356 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Natasha Martin, Steffanie A Strathdee · 2007 to 2026
$7.8M
Evolving HIV/STI risk environments of FSWs on the Mexico/U.S. BorderR01DA028692 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BROUWER, KIMBERLY C · 2010 to 2014
$3.2M
Modeling the Complex Dynamics between Behaviors and Environments Shaping HIV/STIsK01DA034523 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GAINES, TOMMI LYNN · 2012 to 2016
$905k
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI036214NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA034523NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA028692NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA023356
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

INTRODUCTION AND

aimsSmoking methamphetamine is associated with increased risk of HIV among female sex workers (FSW). The structural context of substance use is an important shaper of individual behaviour; however, structural determinants of methamphetamine use among FSWs are largely unknown. We identified individual, structural and neighbourhood factors associated with smoking methamphetamine among FSWs in the border city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. DESIGN AND

methodsA prospective cohort of 301 FSWs sampled from indoor and outdoor sex work venues throughout Tijuana participated in quantitative surveys on behaviours and mapping of home and work neighbourhoods across three visits. Multinomial logistic regression using generalised estimating equations identified individual, structural and neighbourhood variables associated with smoking methamphetamine.

resultsMethamphetamine use, particularly smoking, was highly prevalent among FSWs. Over half (61%) of FSWs had ever used methamphetamine in their lifetime and at baseline, 38% currently smoked methamphetamine. Smoking methamphetamine daily was associated with living in the red light district [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23-6.02] and with perceived homelessness, but only among women in a good financial situation (AOR = 4.08, 95% CI = 1.58-10.50). Smoking methamphetamine less than daily was associated with older age (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.10). DISCUSSION AND

conclusionsOur findings point to the important dynamic between the residential environment and more severe methamphetamine use. FSWs may prioritise the purchase of methamphetamine over stable housing if they have the financial means. Given the high prevalence of smoking methamphetamine among FSWs in Tijuana, drug treatment options, especially for women living in the red light district, are needed.

Indexed as

MethamphetamineSex WorkersAdultAmphetamine-Related DisordersFemaleHumansMexicoPrevalenceRisk FactorsMethamphetaminecommercial sexcrystalHIVhousingLatin America

Identifiers

PMID29218799
PMCPMC5940512

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.