Trial reportFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology2018
Maternal choline supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy improves infant information processing speed: a randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding study.
Trial report in FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04694235 (Effect on Pregnancy Outcomes, Infant Growth and Development of an Egg Intervention During Pregnancy in Indonesia), which is not on this map. Cited by 107 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect on Pregnancy Outcomes, Infant Growth and Development of an Egg Intervention During Pregnancy in Indonesia
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Choline During Pregnancy and Child Neurodevelopment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Association between Maternal Choline, Fetal Brain Development, and Child Neurocognition: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Choline, Neurological Development and Brain Function: A Systematic Review Focusing on the First 1000 Days.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Oral Choline Reduced Working Memory-Related Brain Activation in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Neuroprotective nutrients in pregnancy and infant brain function.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effects of egg yolk choline intake on cognitive functions and plasma choline levels in healthy middle-aged and older Japanese: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled parallel-group study.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Trial
- Prenatal choline supplementation improves biomarkers of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status among pregnant participants consuming supplemental DHA: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- The impact of micronutrient supplementation in alcohol-exposed pregnancies on reaction time responses of preschoolers in Ukraine.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2022Trial
- Assessing infant cognition in field settings using eye-tracking: a pilot cohort trial in Sierra Leone.BMJ open · 2022Trial
- Prenatal choline supplementation improves child sustained attention: A 7-year follow-up of a randomized controlled feeding trial.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Trial
- Choline metabolome response to prenatal choline supplementation across pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Four-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of choline for neurodevelopment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2020Trial
- Combined choline and DHA supplementation: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Choline status and related health outcomes in humans: A scoping review.Nutrition and health · 2026Article
- Impact of Prenatal Nutrition Interventions on Infant Longitudinal Growth: A Secondary Analysis of the Mumta Pregnant Women Trial in Pakistan.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2026Article
- Choline and Its Companions: Inter-Related Roles of Choline and B Vitamins in Fetal Development and Offspring Health.Nutrients · 2026Review
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rodent studies demonstrate that supplementing the maternal diet with choline during pregnancy produces life-long cognitive benefits for the offspring. In contrast, the two experimental studies examining cognitive effects of maternal choline supplementation in humans produced inconsistent results, perhaps because of poor participant adherence and/or uncontrolled variation in intake of choline or other nutrients. We examined the effects of maternal choline supplementation during pregnancy on infant cognition, with intake of choline and other nutrients tightly controlled. Women entering their third trimester were randomized to consume, until delivery, either 480 mg choline/d ( n = 13) or 930 mg choline/d ( n = 13). Infant information processing speed and visuospatial memory were tested at 4, 7, 10, and 13 mo of age ( n = 24). Mean reaction time averaged across the four ages was significantly faster for infants born to mothers in the 930 ( vs. 480) mg choline/d group. This result indicates that maternal consumption of approximately twice the recommended amount of choline during the last trimester improves infant information processing speed. Furthermore, for the 480-mg choline/d group, there was a significant linear effect of exposure duration (infants exposed longer showed faster reaction times), suggesting that even modest increases in maternal choline intake during pregnancy may produce cognitive benefits for offspring.-Caudill, M. A., Strupp, B. J., Muscalu, L., Nevins, J. E. H., Canfield, R. L. Maternal choline supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy improves infant information processing speed: a randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.