ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2017
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Refractory Hypertension.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Guideline
- Risk of heart failure in ambulatory resistant hypertension: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Pooled it
- Refractory Hypertension: a Narrative Systematic Review with Emphasis on Prognosis.Current hypertension reports · 2022Pooled it
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Guideline
- Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension - 2025.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of resistant hypertension among Chinese hypertensive patients in primary care setting.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Anti-atherosclerotic therapies: Milestones, challenges, and emerging innovations.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2022Review
- The antihypertensive effect of remote ischemic conditioning in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Nonpharmacological Management of Resistant Hypertension.Current cardiology reports · 2021Review
- Prevalence and clinical profile of refractory hypertension in a large cohort of patients with resistant hypertension.Journal of human hypertension · 2021Article
- Eligibility for Baroreflex Activation Therapy and medication adherence in patients with apparently resistant hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2021Article
- The Road to Better Management in Resistant Hypertension-Diagnostic and Therapeutic Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Diagnosis, Classification, and Therapeutic Targets.American journal of hypertension · 2021Article
- Refractory hypertension: what do we know so far?Journal of human hypertension · 2021Article
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2021Article
- Adverse Health Outcomes Associated With Refractory and Treatment-Resistant Hypertension in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2021Article
- Current status of adherence interventions in hypertension management in Asian countries: A report from the HOPE Asia Network.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Article
- Refractory Hypertension and Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Patients With Resistant Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Observational
- Consensus paper on the evaluation and treatment of resistant hypertension by the Turkish Society of Cardiology.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2020Article
- Resistant/Refractory Hypertension and Sleep Apnoea: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to estimate the prevalence of refractory hypertension (RfH) and to determine the clinical differences between these patients and resistant hypertensives (RH). Secondly, we assessed the prevalence of white-coat RfH and clinical differences between true- and white-coat RfH patients. METHODS AND
resultsThe present analysis was conducted on the Spanish Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry database containing 70 997 treated hypertensive patients. RH and RfH were defined by the presence of elevated office blood pressure (≥140 and/or 90 mm Hg) in patients treated with at least 3 (RH) and 5 (RfH) antihypertensive drugs. White-coat RfH was defined by RfH with normal (<130/80 mm Hg) 24-hour blood pressure. A total of 11.972 (16.9%) patients fulfilled the standard criteria of RH, and 955 (1.4%) were considered as having RfH. Compared with RH patients, those with RfH were younger, more frequently male, and after adjusting for age and sex, had increased prevalence of target organ damage, and previous cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of white coat RfH was lower than white-coat RH (26.7% versus 37.1%,
conclusionsThe prevalence of RfH was low and these patients had a greater cardiovascular risk profile compared with RH. One out of 4 patients with RfH have normal 24-hour blood pressure and less target organ damage, thus indicating the important role of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in guiding antihypertensive therapy in difficult-to-treat patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.