ArticleThe EMBO journal2017
Topologically associating domains and chromatin loops depend on cohesin and are regulated by CTCF, WAPL, and PDS5 proteins.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 509 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
509 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 904 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-platform Hi-C meta-analysis identifies functional insulators that actively block enhancer-promoter interactions.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Roles of meiotic and mitotic cohesin in stem cell gene regulation and genome stability.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Induced degradation of Ufd1 reveals regulation of cohesin by the VCP/p97Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Aging-associated SATB1 deficiency remodels 3D genome architecture and transcriptional programs in naive CD4Science advances · 2026Article
- Folding a broken genome: the versatile roles of cohesin in genome maintenance.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Nested TAD hierarchy defines cohesion zones on replicated chromosomes.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Cohesin prevents local mixing of condensed euchromatic domains in living human cells.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Transcription and Three-Dimensional Genome Organization: Cause, Consequence, or Coordination?BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Cohesin promotes genomic stability by suppressing unequal sister chromatid exchange.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cohesin release-factor Wapl modulates axis and chromatin structure to promote conjunction and separation of meiotic chromosomes.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Genome folding and nuclear speckles converge to orchestrate fibroblast activation.Science advances · 2026Article
- The roles of chromatin remodeling and 3D genome organization in cancers: from mechanistic insights to emerging treatment options.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Nuclear exosome targeting complexes modulate cohesin binding and enhancer-promoter interactions in 3D.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pioneer transcription factors direct tissue-specific cohesin chromatin entry and three-dimensional genome organization.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Decoding 3D chromatin architecture reveals distinct enhancer classes underlying hierarchical gene regulation in prostate cancer.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Histone Acetylation Differentially Modulates CTCF-CTCF Loops and Intra-TAD Interactions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cross-cell-line conservation-resolved interactions reveal conservation-dependent relationships among CTCF loops.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Cohesin residence time gates 3D genome response to histone hyperacetylation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- YY1 in hematopoietic stem cells: epigenetic regulation, chromatin architecture, and aging.Current opinion in hematology · 2026Review
- Context-dependent regulation of IgH V(D)J recombination by cohesin-STAG1 and cohesin-STAG2.Nature communications · 2026Article
449 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mammalian genomes are spatially organized into compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), and loops to facilitate gene regulation and other chromosomal functions. How compartments, TADs, and loops are generated is unknown. It has been proposed that cohesin forms TADs and loops by extruding chromatin loops until it encounters CTCF, but direct evidence for this hypothesis is missing. Here, we show that cohesin suppresses compartments but is required for TADs and loops, that CTCF defines their boundaries, and that the cohesin unloading factor WAPL and its PDS5 binding partners control the length of loops. In the absence of WAPL and PDS5 proteins, cohesin forms extended loops, presumably by passing CTCF sites, accumulates in axial chromosomal positions (vermicelli), and condenses chromosomes. Unexpectedly, PDS5 proteins are also required for boundary function. These results show that cohesin has an essential genome-wide function in mediating long-range chromatin interactions and support the hypothesis that cohesin creates these by loop extrusion, until it is delayed by CTCF in a manner dependent on PDS5 proteins, or until it is released from DNA by WAPL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.