Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29217465›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infection2018

Heavy precipitation as a risk factor for shigellosis among homeless persons during an outbreak - Oregon, 2015-2016.

Jonas Z Hines, Meredith A Jagger, Thomas L Jeanne, Nicole West, Andrea Winquist, Byron F Robinson, Richard F Leman, Katrina Hedberg

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infection, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Review
  5. Temporal trends ofFrontiers in public health · 2026
    Observational
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. An Outbreak of Multidrug-ResistantTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Acute Bacterial Gastroenteritis.Gastroenterology clinics of North America · 2021
    Review
  15. Observational
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jonas Z HinesEpidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Street NE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA; Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, 800 NE Oregon Street, Portland, Oregon, 97232, USA. Electronic address: jhines1@cdc.gov.
Meredith A JaggerPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, 800 NE Oregon Street, Portland, Oregon, 97232, USA.
Thomas L JeanneMultnomah County Health Department, 425 SW Stark Street, Oregon, 97204, USA.
Nicole WestMultnomah County Health Department, 425 SW Stark Street, Oregon, 97204, USA.
Andrea WinquistEpidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Street NE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA.
Byron F RobinsonEpidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Street NE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA.
Richard F LemanPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, 800 NE Oregon Street, Portland, Oregon, 97232, USA.
Katrina HedbergPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, 800 NE Oregon Street, Portland, Oregon, 97232, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USOregon Health Authority · USMultnomah County Health Department · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesShigella species are the third most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States. During a Shigella sonnei outbreak in Oregon from July 2015 through June 2016, Shigella cases spread among homeless persons with onset of the wettest rainy season on record.

methodsWe conducted time series analyses using Poisson regression to determine if a temporal association between precipitation and shigellosis incidence existed. Models were stratified by housing status.

resultsAmong 105 infections identified, 45 (43%) occurred in homeless persons. With increasing precipitation, cases increased among homeless persons (relative risk [RR] = 1.36 per inch of precipitation during the exposure period; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17-1.59), but not among housed persons (RR = 1.04; 95% CI 0.86-1.25).

conclusionsHeavy precipitation likely contributed to shigellosis transmission among homeless persons during this outbreak. When heavy precipitation is forecast, organizations working with homeless persons could consider taking proactive measures to mitigate spread of enteric infections.

Indexed as

Disease OutbreaksIll-Housed PersonsRainShigella sonneiAdultDysentery, BacillaryFemaleHomosexuality, MaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedOregonRisk FactorsClimate changeDisease outbreaksHomeless personsRain, adverse effectsShigella sonnei

Identifiers

PMID29217465
PMCPMC8596496
OpenAlexW2773515844

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.