ArticleJournal of Korean medical science2018
Lead, Mercury, and Cadmium Exposure in the Korean General Population.
Article in Journal of Korean medical science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Heavy Metals Exposure and Elevated High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein: Mediating Role of Body Mass Index.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Combined exposure to three heavy metals and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in the Korean population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A longitudinal metabolomics study on blood mercury and depressive symptoms.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Heavy Metals on the Antioxidant Activity of Vitamin D: A Metabolic Perspective.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Occupational Lead Exposure Among Civilian Indoor Shooting Range Workers in Korea: A Report of Blood Lead Levels and Airborne Lead.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Observational
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- Infantile allergic diseases: a cohort study prenatal fish intake and mercury exposure context.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Association between environmental mercury exposure and allergic disorders in Korean children: Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycles 3-4 (2015-2020).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association between blood lead, cadmium, selenium levels and hyperlipidemia: A population-based study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Internal blood lead exposure levels in permanent residents of Jiangxi Province and its effects on routine hematological and biochemical indices.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The Association Between Blood Lead Levels and Coronary Artery Calcium Score Determined by Using Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Bloodlettings in Hemochromatosis Result in Increased Blood Lead (Pb) Concentrations.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Environmental exposure of the general population to cadmium as a risk factor of the damage to the nervous system: A critical review of current data.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2023Review
- Heavy metals in children's blood from the rural region of Popokabaka, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study and spatial analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Gender Difference in the Associations among Heavy Metals with Red Blood Cell Hemogram.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Association of Blood Mercury Levels with the Risks of Overweight and High Waist-to-Height Ratio in Children and Adolescents: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Sex-specific neurotoxic effects of heavy metal pollutants: Epidemiological, experimental evidence and candidate mechanisms.Environmental research · 2021Review
- Association between heavy metals, high-sensitivity C-reaction protein and 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases among adult Korean population.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Elevated cadmium and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in residents living near electroplating industries.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) are well-known environmental pollutants. They are unnecessary in the biological processes of humans. This study was performed to estimate the representative background exposure levels to the metals by measuring concentrations in whole blood of the Korean general population.
methodsThis population-based cross-sectional study included 4,000 subjects (1,886 males and 2,114 females) 0-83 years of age in 2010 and 2011. Adult subjects (≥ 19 years of age) were collected by sex- and age-stratified probability method, and preschool- and school-aged subjects were recruited by a cluster sampling method. Written consent was provided prior to blood sampling. Pb and Cd blood concentrations were determined by a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and blood Hg was analyzed by a direct Hg analyzer.
resultsThe geometric mean, median and 95th percentile of blood Pb was 1.82 μg/dL, 1.83 μg/dL, and 3.78 μg/dL, respectively. The respective values were 2.92 μg/L, 2.87 μg/L, 9.12 μg/L for Hg, and 0.56 μg/L, 0.59 μg/L, 2.20 μg/L for Cd. Blood Pb and Hg were higher in males than in females, but no sex difference was observed, respectively, in subjects 0-4 years of age for Pb and in subjects less than 20 years for Hg. However, blood Cd was higher in females than in males and no sex difference was observed in subjects < 30 years of age.
conclusionThis study provides representative data of human exposure to Pb, Hg, and Cd covering whole age groups of the general population in Korea.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.