ArticleEnvironmental microbiology2018
Metabolomics of tomato xylem sap during bacterial wilt reveals Ralstonia solanacearum produces abundant putrescine, a metabolite that accelerates wilt disease.
Article in Environmental microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- A genome-scale metabolic model of a pathosystem sheds light on bacterial wilt.Plant physiology · 2026Article
- Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed the response of resistant variety Zhonghua 6 to the infection of Ralstonia solanacearum in peanut.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- The gene encoding ornithine decarboxylase for putrescine biosynthesis is essential for the viability ofJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
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- Label-Free Rapid Quantification of Abscisic Acid in Xylem Sap Samples Using Surface Plasmon Resonance.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Association Analysis and Breeding-Oriented SNP Marker Development for Bacterial Wilt Resistance in Tomato (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The polyamine uptake transporters PUT2/LAT4 and PUT5/LAT5 contribute to Arabidopsis defense response againstPhysiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2025Article
- Physiological, Chemical and Metabolite Profiling ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The influence of the polyamine synthesis pathways onMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Research progress on the microbial metabolism and transport of polyamines and their roles in animal gut homeostasis.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Exogenous L-Arginine Enhances Pathogenicity ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Polyamines in Plant-Pathogen Interactions: Roles in Defense Mechanisms and Pathogenicity with Applications in Fungicide Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
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- Calcium modulation of bacterial wilt disease on potato.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- The timing of bacterial mesophyll infection shapes the leaf chemical landscape.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Transcriptome profiling of type VI secretion system core geneMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Origins of symbiosis: shared mechanisms underlying microbial pathogenesis, commensalism and mutualism of plants and animals.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Transcriptomic analysis of Ralstonia solanacearum in response to antibacterial volatiles of Bacillus velezensis FZB42.Archives of microbiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum thrives in plant xylem vessels and causes bacterial wilt disease despite the low nutrient content of xylem sap. We found that R. solanacearum manipulates its host to increase nutrients in tomato xylem sap, enabling it to grow better in sap from infected plants than in sap from healthy plants. Untargeted GC/MS metabolomics identified 22 metabolites enriched in R. solanacearum-infected sap. Eight of these could serve as sole carbon or nitrogen sources for R. solanacearum. Putrescine, a polyamine that is not a sole carbon or nitrogen source for R. solanacearum, was enriched 76-fold to 37 µM in R. solanacearum-infected sap. R. solanacearum synthesized putrescine via a SpeC ornithine decarboxylase. A ΔspeC mutant required ≥ 15 µM exogenous putrescine to grow and could not grow alone in xylem even when plants were treated with putrescine. However, co-inoculation with wildtype rescued ΔspeC growth, indicating R. solanacearum produced and exported putrescine to xylem sap. Intriguingly, treating plants with putrescine before inoculation accelerated wilt symptom development and R. solanacearum growth and systemic spread. Xylem putrescine concentration was unchanged in putrescine-treated plants, so the exogenous putrescine likely accelerated disease indirectly by affecting host physiology. These results indicate that putrescine is a pathogen-produced virulence metabolite.
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