Observational studyBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2018
Pregnancy outcomes in women on metformin for diabetes or other indications among those seeking teratology information services.
Observational study in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Major malformations risk following early pregnancy exposure to metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023 · on this mapPooled it
- Maternal metformin treatment in obese pregnant dams normalizes neonatal sensory-motor reflexes.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Article
- Patterns of paternal medication dispensation around the time of conception.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2024Article
- Observational
- Achieving comparability in glycemic control between antidiabetic treatment strategies in pregnancy when using real world data.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2023Article
- Metformin use in pregnancy: efficacy, safety, and potential benefits.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- Predictors for pharmacological therapy and perinatal outcomes with metformin treatment in women with gestational diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Observational
- Antidiabetic Medication Utilisation before and during Pregnancy in Switzerland between 2012 and 2019: An Administrative Claim Database from the MAMA Cohort.Journal of diabetes research · 2023Article
- Information Needs and Counseling Preferences among Potential Users of the Future Teratology Information Service in Belgium: A Cross-Sectional Study Involving the Public and Healthcare Professionals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Metformin in pregnancy and risk of adverse long-term outcomes: a register-based cohort study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Article
- Pregnancy outcomes and maternal characteristics in women with pregestational and gestational diabetes: a retrospective study on 206,917 singleton live births.Acta diabetologica · 2021Article
- Improvement Effect of Metformin on Female and Male Reproduction in Endocrine Pathologies and Its Mechanisms.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- Safe Expectations: Current State and Future Directions for Medication Safety in Pregnancy Research.Clinical therapeutics · 2019Article
- Antidiabetic medication use during pregnancy: an international utilization study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2019Observational
- Anti-inflammatory Action of Metformin with Respect to CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Signaling in Human Placental Circulation in Normal-Glucose Versus High-Glucose Environments.Inflammation · 2018Article
- Metformin exposure in first trimester of pregnancy and risk of all or specific congenital anomalies: exploratory case-control study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Article
- Outcomes for Women with Gestational Diabetes Treated with Metformin: A Retrospective, Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2018Article
- Pregnancy outcomes in women on metformin for diabetes or other indications among those seeking teratology information services.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Observational
- Reproductive Safety of Trazodone After Maternal Exposure in Early Pregnancy: A Comparative ENTIS Cohort Study.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 18 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsMetformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome associated infertility, and gestational diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the safety of metformin in early pregnancy.
methodWe evaluated the risk of major birth defects and pregnancy losses in a cohort of pregnant women exposed to metformin during the first trimester for different indications relative to a matched unexposed reference group.
resultsThe risk of major birth defects was 5.1% (20/392) in pregnancies exposed to metformin during the first trimester and 2.1% (9/431) in the reference group [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.70; 95% CI 0.70-4.38]. Among metformin users, this risk was 7.8% (17/219) in patients with pre-gestational diabetes and 1.7% (3/173) in those without this diagnosis. Compared to the unexposed reference, the OR for metformin user with diabetes was 3.95 (95% CI 1.77-9.41) and for metformin with other indications it was 0.83 (95% CI 0.18-2.81). The risk of pregnancy losses (spontaneous abortions and stillbirths) was 20.8% in women on metformin during the first trimester and 10.8% in the reference group [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.57; 95% CI 0.90-2.74]. The risks for women on metformin with and without pre-gestational diabetes were 24.0% and 16.8% respectively, with adjusted HR of 2.51 (95% CI 1.44-4.36) and 1.38 (95% CI 0.74-2.59) when compared to the reference.
conclusionPregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes on metformin are at a higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes than the general population. This appears to be due to the underlying diabetes since women on metformin for other indications do not present meaningfully increased risks.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.