ArticleMolecular autism2017
Cytokine levels and associations with symptom severity in male and female children with autism spectrum disorder.
Article in Molecular autism, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Functional Mapping of Neurodevelopmental Disease Pathways to Key Neurodevelopmental Processes Represented in the Developmental Neurotoxicity In Vitro Testing Battery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sex specific effects of adoptive Tregs transfer on the brain and periphery in maternal immune activation offspring rescuing immune dysregulation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Sex specific effects of adoptive Tregs transfer on the brain and periphery in maternal immune activation offspring rescuing immune dysregulation.Research square · 2026Article
- Faecal inflammatory protein markers in children with autism spectrum disorder are comparable to their healthy siblings.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Gut-Brain Axis in Autism: Inflammatory Mechanisms, Molecular Insights, and Emerging Microbiome-Based Therapies.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Urinary Metabolomic Profile in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cytomegalovirus-Reactive IgG Correlates with Increased IL-6 and IL-1β Levels, Affecting Eating Behaviours and Tactile Sensitivity in Children with Autism.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Maternal Immune Activation and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Integrating Molecular, Cellular and Systems Mechanisms.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- Diagnostic markers of acute encephalitis syndrome and COVID-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children from Southern India.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Mast Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorder-The Enigma to Be Solved?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms Associated with de novo Variants and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Sex, hormones and cerebrovascular function: from development to disorder.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Review
- Cognitive inflexibility and immunome biomarkers in children with autism spectrum disorder.Neuroscience applied · 2024Article
- Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Hippocampal Upregulation of Complement Component C3 in Response to Lipopolysaccharide Stimuli in a Model of Fragile-X Syndrome.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- Cytokine Dynamics in Autism: Analysis of BMAC Therapy Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Impaired cecal motility and secretion alongside expansion of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the Nlgn3Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder at Adolescent Age.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex, pervasive, and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions with varying trajectories, significant male bias and largely unknown etiology. However, an understanding of the biological mechanisms driving pathophysiology is evolving. Immune system aberrations, as identified through cytokine profiles, are believed to have a role in ASD. Altered cytokine levels may facilitate identification of ASD subtypes as well as provide biological markers of response to effective treatments. Research exploring the relationship between cytokine profiles and ASD symptoms is, however, in its infancy. The objective of this study was to explore relationships between cytokine levels and the severity of ASD and other clinical traits. Methods: Multiplex assay techniques were used to measure levels of 27 cytokines in plasma samples from a cohort of 144 children diagnosed with ASD. Results: Overall, results showed a significant negative association between platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and the severity of ASD symptoms. Furthermore, a significant interaction with sex suggested a different immune profile for females compared to males. ASD symptom severity was negatively associated with levels of 4 cytokines, IL-1β, IL-8, MIP-1β, and VEGF, in females, but not in males. Conclusions: Results of the present study suggest that an altered cytokine response or profile is associated with the severity of ASD-related symptoms, with sex a potential modifier of this relationship. Further research in larger populations which recognizes the importance of sex comparisons and longitudinal assessments are now required to extend and further describe the role of the immune system in ASD.
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