ArticleDementia & neuropsychologia
The most frequently used tests for assessing executive functions in aging.
Article in Dementia & neuropsychologia. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04301960 (Comparison of the Effects of Single and Dual Task Training on Processing Speed, Cognitive Functions, Walking Speed, Dual Task Performance and Balance Functions in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment), which is not on this map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of the Effects of Single and Dual Task Training on Processing Speed, Cognitive Functions, Walking Speed, Dual Task Performance and Balance Functions in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed.
- Donanemab in early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease: results from the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 long-term extension.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Trial
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- Complex, but not simple, motor tasks assessment improves detection of motor-cognitive interaction in midlife.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Preliminary Evaluation of the Circle Sequencing Task (CST) as a Cognitive-Motor Tool for Concussion Assessment.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Interventions on Executive Function in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Cognitive function in long-term survivors after treatment for brain metastases compared with normative samples.Neuro-oncology practice · 2026Article
- High-intensity interval training as a cognitive enhancement strategy for executive function in overweight female university Students.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Executive functions in research and practice: a multimethod review of behavioral, subjective, and neurobiological assessment tools.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Altered functional connectivity underpins cognitive changes in chronic spinal cord injury.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Practical judgment in aging: examining behavioral vulnerabilities and neurobiological correlates.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- A comprehensive study of cognitive control in healthy aging.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- The impact of dual-tasking on mnestic performance in normal ageing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The association between fronto-insular interaction and executive function during childhood and adolescence in a resting state fMRI study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Incremental validity of the test of practical judgment (TOP-J) in the prediction of diagnosis in preclinical dementia.Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the TabCAT-EXAMINER: A tablet-based executive functioning battery for research and clinical trials.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2025Article
- Trajectories of general and central obesity beyond middle age in relation to late-life cognitive decline and dementia.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- Dual-task-related gait patterns as possible marker of precocious and subclinical cognitive alterations in Parkinson disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- PEMOCS: effects of a concept-guided, PErsonalized, MOtor-Cognitive exergame training on cognitive functions and gait in chronic Stroke-a randomized, controlled trial.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Executive functions and processing speed in covert cerebral small vessel disease.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Prediction of hearing aid cognitive outcomes in age-related hearing loss.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
There are numerous neuropsychological tests for assessing executive functions in aging, which vary according to the different domains assessed.
objectiveTo present a systematic review of the most frequently used instruments for assessing executive functions in older adults with different educational levels in clinical and experimental research.
methodsWe searched for articles published in the last five years, using the PubMed database with the following terms: "neuropsychological tests", "executive functions", and "mild cognitive impairment". There was no language restriction.
results25 articles fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. The seven neuropsychological tests most frequently used to evaluate executive functions in aging were:[1] Trail Making Test (TMT) Form B;[2] Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) - F, A and S;[3] VFT Animals category;[4] Clock Drawing Test (CDT);[5] Digits Forward and Backward subtests (WAIS-R or WAIS-III);[6] Stroop Test; and[7] Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and its variants. The domains of executive functions most frequently assessed were: mental flexibility, verbal fluency, planning, working memory, and inhibitory control.
conclusionThe study identified the tests and domains of executive functions most frequently used in the last five years by research groups worldwide to evaluate older adults. These results can direct future research and help build evaluation protocols for assessing executive functions, taking into account the different educational levels and socio-demographic profiles of older adults in Brazil.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.