Observational studyBMC pregnancy and childbirth2017
Could a remarkable decrease in leptin and insulin levels from colostrum to mature milk contribute to early growth catch-up of SGA infants?
Observational study in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Human Milk Metabolic Hormones: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Alterations in Human Milk Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, and microRNAs in Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Compared With Healthy Controls: A Systematic Review and Network-Based Analysis.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Sampling Procedures for Estimating the Infant Intake of Human Milk Leptin, Adiponectin, Insulin, Glucose, and Total Lipid.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Human milk microbiota and oligosaccharides in colostrum and mature milk: comparison and correlation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Breast milk leptin concentrations and infant anthropometric indicators in SGA versus non-SGA breastfed infants born at term.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Article
- Human Milk Metabolic Hormones: Analytical Methods and Current Understanding.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Decrease in leptin mediates rat bone metabolism impairments during high-fat diet-induced catch-up growth by modulating the OPG/RANKL balance.3 Biotech · 2021Article
- The Relationship Between Breast Milk Components and the Infant Gut Microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Human milk microbiota development during lactation and its relation to maternal geographic location and gestational hypertensive status.Gut microbes · 2020Article
- Human Breast Milk: Bioactive Components, from Stem Cells to Health Outcomes.Current nutrition reports · 2020Review
- Review
- Impact of Perinatal Different Intrauterine Environments on Child Growth and Development: Planning and Baseline Data for a Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast milk is known to contain many bioactive hormones and peptides, which can influence infant growth and development. In this context, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different clinical pregnancy conditions on hormone concentrations in colostrum and mature breast milk.
methodsAn observational study was performed with mother-newborn pairs divided into five groups according to maternal clinical background: diabetes (12), hypertension (5), smoking (19), intrauterine growth restriction of unknown causes with small-for-gestational-age newborns at delivery (12), and controls (21). Socioeconomic data, anthropometric measurements and breast milk samples were collected between the first 24 and 48 h and 30 days postpartum. Leptin, adiponectin, and insulin levels in breast milk were measured by immunoassays.
resultsA significant decrease in leptin (p = 0.050) and insulin (p = 0.012) levels from colostrum to mature breast milk in mothers of small-for-gestational-age infants was observed. Maternal body mass index was correlated with both leptin and insulin, but not with adiponectin. Insulin levels were negatively correlated to infant weight gain from birth to one month (p = 0.050). In addition, catch-up growth was verified for small-for-gestational-age infants throughout the first month of life.
conclusionsThis study suggests that a remarkable decrease in leptin and insulin levels in mature milk of mothers of small-for-gestational-age newborns may be involved in the rapid weight gain of these newborns. The physiological and external mechanisms by which these significant decreases and rapid weight gains occur in this group remain to be elucidated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.