ArticleOncotarget2017
Growth differentiation factor 15 mediates epithelial mesenchymal transition and invasion of breast cancers through IGF-1R-FoxM1 signaling.
Article in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- GDF-15 as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Engineered Muscle Tissue Analysis of Irisin Protection Against Glucocorticoid- and Cancer Cachexia-Induced Muscle Wasting and Cardiotoxicity.Biochip journal · 2026Article
- Brachyury and IGF1R: potential opposing roles in pediatric thyroid nodular pathology.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Breast neoplasm epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cytokines: a systematic review.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Emerging Biomarkers in Urological Cancers: Angiogenesis and Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Multifaceted Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15): A Narrative Review from Cancer Cachexia to Target Therapy.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Evaluation of GDF15 Significance as a Biomarker in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Silencing Calumenin Expression via Artificial MicroRNA, a Potential Breakthrough for Inhibiting Proliferation, Halting Migration, and Triggering Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Article
- Mechanistic Insights into Tumorigenesis from Serum Proteins.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Mapping growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15)-mediated signaling pathways in cancer: insights into its role across different cancer types.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- A novel thrombospondin-1 variant as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in canine mammary tumor and osteosarcoma cells.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Article
- Direct triangular comparison of tissue and serum growth differentiation factor 15 with host factors in colorectal cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- GDF15 is associated with thyroid cancer progression and may modulate thyroid cancer cell senescence in a p53-dependent manner.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- GDF15 promotes gallbladder cancer progression by activating the NF-κB mediated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) expression.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Macrophages as a Source and Target of GDF-15.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- GALNT14 in association with GDF-15 promotes stemness and drug resistance through β-catenin signalling pathway in breast cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- The Role of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Regulating the Forkhead Box Family Transcription Factors.Cells · 2023Review
- Aberrant expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in the disease progression and metastasis of breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Increased expression and accumulation of GDF15 in IPF extracellular matrix contribute to fibrosis.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Multidimensional Approach of Heart Failure Diagnosis and Prognostication Utilizing Cardiac Imaging with Biomarkers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Expression of the inflammatory cytokine growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is significantly elevated in many tumor types in association with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), drug resistance, and progressive disease. However, few studies have examined GDF15 expression, signaling, or function in breast cancer. In the current study, we demonstrate that GDF15 is associated with high tumor grade, ER-negativity, and HER2 overexpression in patients with breast cancer. Stable overexpression of GDF15 upregulates expression of mesenchymal markers and transcription factors, including FoxM1, and increases cellular invasion. GDF15 stable clones and breast cancer cells stimulated with recombinant human GDF15 (rhGDF15) demonstrate activation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), EMT, and invasion. Pharmacologic inhibition of IGF-1R reduces GDF15-mediated EMT and invasion in stable clones, and FoxM1 knockdown rescues invasion and EMT in GDF15 stable clones and rhGDF15-stimulated cells. These data suggest that IGF-1R-FoxM1 signaling is a potential mechanism through which GDF15 drives EMT and invasion of breast cancers. Further, GDF15 knockdown significantly inhibits invasion of HER2-overexpressing and triple-negative breast cancer cells, supporting further preclinical investigation of GDF15-targeted therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.