ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2018
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Use and Condomless Anal Sex: Evidence of Risk Compensation in a Cohort of Young Men Who Have Sex with Men.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pleasure and PrEP: A Systematic Review of Studies Examining Pleasure, Sexual Satisfaction, and PrEP.Journal of sex research · 2022Pooled it
- Oral preexposure prophylaxis use and the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections and HIV among African women: A prospective observational cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2026Trial
- Assessment of risk compensation following use of the dapivirine vaginal ring in southwestern Uganda.Sexually transmitted infections · 2022Trial
- "The Main Concern is HIV, Everything Else is Fixable": Indifference Toward Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Era of Biomedical HIV Prevention.AIDS and behavior · 2021Trial
- Successful integration of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis into a community-based HIV prevention program for female sex workers in Kolkata, India.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2021Trial
- The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication on Sexual Risk Behavior in Men Who Have Sex with Men: Considering PrEP, HIV Viral Load, and Inhibition Conflict.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Estimating the percentage and number of people with indications for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) within two key populations, Canada, 2021.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- High syphilis incidence among PrEP-adherent men who have sex with men and transgender women in Peru.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Understanding social context in HIV and drug use via community-informed computational modeling: SILOS study protocol.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Medical chart-reported alcohol consumption, substance use, and mental health issues in association with HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) nonadherence among gay, bisexual, and other men-who-have-sex-with-men.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Sexual alcohol expectancies moderate the relation between alcohol use and sexual behavior among men who have sex with men.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Self-Reported PrEP Use and Risk of Bacterial STIs Among Ontarian Men Who Are Gay or Bisexual or Have Sex With Men.Annals of family medicine · 2024Article
- Asymptomatic Rectal Bacterial Pathogens Show Large Prospective Relationships With HIV Incidence in a Cohort of Young Sexual and Gender Minorities: Implications for STI Screening and HIV Prevention.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Risk Compensation After Initiation of Daily Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Sexual and Gender Minorities in Nigeria.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Identifying patterns of sexual behaviors and PrEP uptake characteristics among MSM who were eligible for PrEP: A national cross-section study.Journal of virus eradication · 2024Article
- Homoprejudiced Violence Experiences and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men: Depression Severity and Recreational Drug Usage as Potential Mediators.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Attitudes Towards Treatment as Prevention Among PrEP-Experienced Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia.AIDS and behavior · 2023Observational
- Stress and Depression Are Associated with Sexual Function and Satisfaction in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men.Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
- Binge Drinking Moderates Unprotected Sex Among HIV Sero-Similar Same Sex Male Couples: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Texting Lost-to-follow-up PrEP Patients from a San Francisco Sexual Health Clinic.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2022Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundYoung men who have sex with men (YMSM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing HIV acquisition. It remains unclear if PrEP use increases rates of condomless sex (ie, risk compensation), which may increase risk of infection if PrEP adherence is not optimal. This study aimed to examine whether PrEP use and PrEP adherence were associated with change in sexual risk behaviors in a large longitudinal cohort of YMSM reporting on multiple sexual partnerships over time.
methodData were obtained from the first 3 visits of an ongoing cohort study of YMSM in Chicago (analytic N = 953; 14.1% HIV-positive at baseline). Participants reported up to 4 sexual partnerships at each visit, including sexual behavior, PrEP use, and PrEP adherence within partnerships.
resultsYMSM reported higher rates of receptive condomless anal sex (CAS) in partnerships during which they were on PrEP compared with those when they were not on PrEP. This association was consistent across both HIV-negative and HIV-positive participants reporting on partnerships with both perceived HIV-negative/unknown and HIV-positive partners. The rate of receptive CAS was higher in PrEP nonadherent partnerships compared with non-PrEP partnerships. The rate of receptive CAS was also higher in PrEP nonadherent than adherent partnerships, but this was not statistically significant.
conclusionsThese analyses provide compelling data suggesting that YMSM are engaging in risk compensation when on PrEP. If rates of receptive CAS are highest among YMSM who are PrEP nonadherent, PrEP as a prevention strategy could fail to curb HIV incidence among YMSM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.