ArticlePsychiatry investigation2017
Association of Anxiety, Depression, and Somatization with Menstrual Problems among North Korean Women Defectors in South Korea.
Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between current major depressive episode and the occurrence of menstrual irregularities in the last six months in university students in Lima, Peru.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2025Observational
- The link between tinnitus and menstrual cycle disorders in premenopausal women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between gynecological disorders and insomnia and depression trajectories: a longitudinal study of middle-aged women.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Increased medial prefrontal cortical thickness and resilience to traumatic experiences in North Korean refugees.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Depression and Its Effect on the Menstrual Cycle.Cureus · 2021Review
- Depression in North Korean refugees: a mixed methods study.Public health · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectiveNorth Korean women defectors have suffered from anxiety, depression, and somatization after defection. Also they have had many menstrual problems like amenorrhea. This study was done to identify the correlations of anxiety, depression, and somatization to menstrual problems among North Korean woman defectors in South Korea.
methodsThe participants in this study were 126 women from 5 government resettlement centers throughout South Korea. Questionnaires which included State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Center for Epidemiological studies-Depression Scale (CED-S), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) were used to identify anxiety and somatization. Data were collected between June and September, 2012.
resultsThe women reported the following problems; amenorrhea (9.5%), hypomenorrhea (13.6%), menorrhagia (19.8%), polymenorrhea (13.5%), oligomenorrhea (4.8%), changes in amount of menstrual discharge (4.0%), and changes in amount of blood clot (9.5%). Anxiety (r=0.20, p=0.002), depression (r=0.25, p=0.005), and Somatization (r=0.35, p<0.001) were correlated with number of menstrual problems.
conclusionThe results of this study indicate that mental health services need to be taken into account in interventions for North Korean woman defectors to improve their reproductive health including addressing menstrual problems.
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