ArticleMicrobial genomics2017
Population structure of Escherichia coli O26 : H11 with recent and repeated stx2 acquisition in multiple lineages.
Article in Microbial genomics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- EcoliTyper: a species-optimized computational pipeline for comprehensive genotyping and surveillance of Escherichia coli.BMC bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Pathogenic potential and phylogenomic analysis ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Genomic epidemiology reveals statewide dispersal of clinical Shiga toxin-producingMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Genomic insights into within-farm persistence and global phylogenetic relatedness of Shiga toxin-producingFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Global population structure of Shiga toxin-producingMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Emerging hybrid shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenicClinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Shiga toxin-producingFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Growth dynamics and protein-expression of Escherichia coli serotypes O26:H11, O111:H8 and O145:NM in the bovine rumen.PloS one · 2025Article
- Shiga Toxin-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Dynamic changes in Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 transducing phage throughout the evolution of O26:H11 Stx-producing Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Global population structure, genomic diversity and carbohydrate fermentation characteristics of clonal complex 119 (CC119), an understudied Shiga toxin-producingMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Phylogenetic relationship and virulence composition ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Combination of whole genome sequencing and supervised machine learning provides unambiguous identification ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2022Article
- Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a New Genetic Clade among Escherichia coli O26 Strains.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The global population structure and evolutionary history of the acquisition of major virulence factor-encoding genetic elements in Shiga toxin-producingMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
- Low-Temperature Virus vB_EcoM_VR26 Shows Potential in Biocontrol of STEC O26:H11.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Perfect Condition for the Rising of Superbugs: Person-to-Person Contact and Antibiotic Use Are the Key Factors Responsible for the Positive Correlation between Antibiotic Resistance Gene Diversity and Virulence Gene Diversity in Human Metagenomes.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Prophages integrating into prophages: A mechanism to accumulate type III secretion effector genes and duplicate Shiga toxin-encoding prophages in Escherichia coli.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- The population genetics of pathogenic Escherichia coli.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 14 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A key virulence factor of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is the bacteriophage-encoded Shiga toxin (Stx). Stxs are classified into two types, Stx1 and Stx2, and Stx2-producing strains are thought to cause more severe infections than strains producing only Stx1. Although O26 : H11 is the second most prevalent EHEC following O157 : H7, the majority of O26 : H11 strains produce Stx1 alone. However, Stx2-producing O26 strains have increasingly been detected worldwide. Through a large-scale genome analysis, we present a global phylogenetic overview and evolutionary timescale for E. coli O26 : H11. The origin of O26 has been estimated to be 415 years ago. Sequence type 21C1 (ST21C1), one of the two sublineages of ST21, the most predominant O26 : H11 lineage worldwide, emerged 213 years ago from one of the three ST29 sublineages (ST29C2). The other ST21 lineage (ST21C2) emerged 95 years ago from ST21C1. Increases in population size occurred in the late 20th century for all of the O26 lineages, but most remarkably for ST21C2. Analysis of the distribution of stx2-positive strains revealed the recent and repeated acquisition of the stx2 gene in multiple lineages of O26, both in ST21 and ST29. Other major EHEC virulence genes, such as type III secretion system effector genes and plasmid-encoded virulence genes, were well conserved in ST21 compared to ST29. In addition, more antimicrobial-resistance genes have accumulated in the ST21C1 lineage. Although current attention is focused on several highly virulent ST29 clones that have acquired the stx2 gene, there is also a considerable risk that the ST21 lineage could yield highly virulent clones.
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