ReviewJournal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Intravitreal, Subretinal, and Suprachoroidal Injections: Evolution of Microneedles for Drug Delivery.
Review in Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-in-Human Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Nonsurgical Suprachoroidal Delivery Approach for Triamcinolone in Diabetic Macular Edema.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Real-world safety of voretigene neparvovec: a disproportionality analysis for signal detection using the FAERS database.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Interspecies scaling of suprachoroidal drug delivery using ocular geometry and drug physicochemical properties.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advances in microneedle Technology for Treatment of retinal degenerative diseases: a narrative review.Biomedical microdevices · 2026Review
- Targeting AKT via SC79 for Photoreceptor Preservation in Retinitis Pigmentosa Mouse Models.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Evaluation of the Suprachoroidal Space for Stem Cell Delivery in Retinal Degeneration.Stem cells international · 2026Article
- Back of the Eye Drug Delivery: Advances, Challenges, and Emerging Opportunities for Transformative Therapies.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2025Article
- Nrf2 Activated by PD-MSCs Attenuates Oxidative Stress in a Hydrogen Peroxide-Injured Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Line.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Applications of Modern Cell Therapies: The Latest Data in Ophthalmology.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Targeting the Eye: RNA-Based Therapies, Interferences, and Delivery Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Tropism and Retinal Transduction Efficiency of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Ocular Drug Delivery: Emerging Approaches and Advances.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Intravitreally Injected Plasmonic Nanorods Activate Bipolar Cells with Patterned Near-Infrared Laser Projection.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Comparison of different topical anesthetic methods for intravitreal injections: a randomized crossover study.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Nanomaterial-Based Anti-Angiogenic Gene Therapy for Retinal Neovascular Diseases: Mechanistic Insights and Preclinical Advances.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- An Engineered Intravitreal Injection Retinal-Pigment-Epithelium-Tropic Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Expressing a Bispecific Antibody Binding VEGF-A and ANG-2 Rescues Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Animal Models and Patients.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Preclinical evaluation of NG101, a potential AAV gene therapy for wet age-related macular degeneration.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- Ocular and Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Sitagliptin Eye Drops: Preclinical Data.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Retinal Penetrating Adeno-Associated Virus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Application of Quality by Design in the Development of Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Loaded Polymeric Microparticles.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Even though the very thought of an injection into the eye may be frightening, an estimated 6 million intravitreal (IVT) injections were made in the USA during 2016. With the introduction of new therapeutic agents, this number is expected to increase. In addition, drug products that are injectable in ocular compartments other than the vitreous humor are expected to enter the back of the eye market in the not so distant future. Besides the IVT route, some of the most actively investigated routes of invasive administration to the eye include periocular, subretinal, and suprachoroidal (SC) routes. While clinical efficacy is the driving force behind new injectable drug product development for the eye, safety is also being improved with time. In the case of IVT injections, the procedural guidelines have evolved over the years to improve patient comfort and reduce injection-related injury and infection. Similar advances are anticipated for other routes of administration of injectable products to the eye. In addition to procedural improvements, the design of needles, particularly those with smaller diameters, length, and controlled bevel angles are expected to improve overall safety and acceptance of injected ophthalmic drug products. A key development in this area is the introduction of microneedles of a length less than a millimeter that can target the SC space. In the future, needles with smaller diameters and lengths, potentially approaching nanodimensions, are expected to revolutionize ophthalmic disease management.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.