SynthesisClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2018
Key Learning Outcomes for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Education in Europe: A Modified Delphi Study.
Synthesis in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Digital Learning to Improve Safe and Effective Prescribing: A Systematic Review.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2019Pooled it
- Healthcare professionals' level of medication knowledge in Africa: a systematic review.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- "It's helpful to get the time and opportunity to discuss drug treatment; that's what I think is the most important thing."-A qualitative study on prescribing education in junior physicians.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Trial
- Developing professional confidence in the art of prescribing-a randomized controlled study on structured collegial discussions during internship.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Trial
- Student Perceptions of a Virtual Reality Animation for Teaching Absorption and Bioavailability in Pharmacology: A Mixed Methods Evaluation.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Evidence to support integrating feedback best practice for computer-based assessment in pharmacology education.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Prescribing competence: The pros and cons of different methods for assessment.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Evaluating and leveraging large language models in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics assessment: From exam takers to exam shapers.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Mapping Current Use of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacology Education via a Scoping Review.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Clinical pharmacology and prescribing education: An updated medical school curriculum from the British Pharmacological Society.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Reimagining pharmacology education.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Prescribing variation across Europe: Insights into prescribing practices and educational needs.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Assessment of prescribing competencies among final year medical students in Gezira State, Sudan.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- The Feasibility and Quality of the European Prescribing Exam: An International Multicenter Pilot Study Among 3109 Medical Students From 16 Medical Schools.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Barriers and solutions for the European prescribing exam: a qualitative world café study.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Medication adherence in the curricula of future European physicians, pharmacists and nurses - a cross-sectional survey.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Enhancing therapeutic reasoning: key insights and recommendations for education in prescribing.BMC medical education · 2024Review
- Bridging the gap between clinical pharmacology and rational drug prescribing 2.0: An up-date after 30 years.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Expert Consensus Methods In The Humanities: An Exploration of their Potential.F1000Research · 2024Article
- The impact of a summative national prescribing assessment and curriculum type on the development of the prescribing competence of junior doctors.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Harmonizing clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education in Europe is necessary to ensure that the prescribing competency of future doctors is of a uniform high standard. As there are currently no uniform requirements, our aim was to achieve consensus on key learning outcomes for undergraduate CPT education in Europe. We used a modified Delphi method consisting of three questionnaire rounds and a panel meeting. A total of 129 experts from 27 European countries were asked to rate 307 learning outcomes. In all, 92 experts (71%) completed all three questionnaire rounds, and 33 experts (26%) attended the meeting. 232 learning outcomes from the original list, 15 newly suggested and 5 rephrased outcomes were included. These 252 learning outcomes should be included in undergraduate CPT curricula to ensure that European graduates are able to prescribe safely and effectively. We provide a blueprint of a European core curriculum describing when and how the learning outcomes might be acquired.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.