ArticleSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society2017
Academic stress-induced changes in Th1- and Th2-cytokine response.
Article in Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris YRC3780 daily intake on the HPA axis response to acute psychological stress in healthy Japanese men.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- The multifaceted impact of stress on immune function.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Endogenous glucocorticoids and human immunity: Time to revisit old dogmas.Seminars in immunology · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory effects of probioticFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Markers in Children and Adolescents with Functional Somatic Disorders: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Validity of mental and physical stress models.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Advances and challenges in the detection of academic stress and anxiety in the classroom: A literature review and recommendations.Education and information technologies · 2023Article
- Review
- Yoga and meditation, an essential tool to alleviate stress and enhance immunity to emerging infections: A perspective on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on students.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Review
- Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Administration Alleviates Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice by Regulating the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway.Mediators of inflammation · 2022Article
- Does inflammation link stress to poor COVID-19 outcome?Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2021Review
- Role of Zinc in Neonatal Sepsis.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2021Review
- Possible utilization of salivary IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio as a marker of chronic stress in healthy individuals.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2021Article
- Immunity in Space: Prokaryote Adaptations and Immune Response in Microgravity.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Effects of stress associated with academic examination on the kynurenine pathway profile in healthy students.PloS one · 2021Article
- Association between the Inflammatory Potential of Diet and Stress among Female College Students.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Network between Cytokines, Cortisol and Occupational Stress in Gas and Oilfield Workers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- Correlation Between SNOT-22, Nasal Cytology, and Mood Disorders in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis Treated With a Liposomal Nasal Spray.Allergy & rhinology (Providence, R.I.)Article
- Evaluation of the protective and therapeutic effects ofAvicenna journal of phytomedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychological stress stimulates physiological responses releasing catecholamines and corticoids, which act via corresponding receptors on immune cells, producing a shift in the cytokine balance. These responses are variable depending on the nature of stressors. The effect of the academic stress on the production of the Th1-cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8) and Th2-cytokines (IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) on 35 medical/health sciences students after completing their questionnaires was investigated. Blood samples were taken at three stages; baseline stage at the beginning, midterm and final academic examination stages. Plasma cortisol and cytokines were measured during the three stages. The last two stages were compared with the baseline non-stress period. Results of the stress induced during the final examination stage were the highest with a significant increase in cortisol release, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-1ra release with a shift in Th1:Th2 cytokines balance towards Th2. Whereby, the midterm stage did not show significant reduction in Th1-cytokines except for TNF-α, with an increase in IFN-γ level that was reduced in the third stage. Th2 cytokine, IL-1ra, had positive correlations with Th1 cytokines; IL-2 and IFN-γ in the second stage and IL-6 cytokine in the third stage. Cortisol was positively correlated with IL-8 in the last stage and heart rates had negative correlation with IL-10 in the first and last stages. Findings of this study indicate that exam stress down-regulates Th1 with a selective up-regulation of Th2-cytokines. In conclusion, Cortisol might have a role in suppressing the release of Th1- mediated cellular immune response which could increase the vulnerability among the students to infectious diseases.
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