Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29203666›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2017

Structure and function of a compound eye, more than half a billion years old.

Brigitte Schoenemann, Helje Pärnaste, Euan N K Clarkson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. The median eyes of trilobites.Scientific reports · 2023
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Create Machine Vision Inspired by Eagle Eye.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2022
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Brigitte SchoenemannDepartment of Zoology (Neurobiology/Animal Physiology), Biocenter Cologne, D-50647 Cologne, Germany; B.Schoenemann@uni-koeln.de.ORCID 0000-0002-4846-0255
Helje PärnasteKivion MTÜ, Tallinn 13517, Estonia.
Euan N K ClarksonGrant Institute, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, EH3 9LJW Edinburgh, Scotland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Until now, the fossil record has not been capable of revealing any details of the mechanisms of complex vision at the beginning of metazoan evolution. Here, we describe functional units, at a cellular level, of a compound eye from the base of the Cambrian, more than half a billion years old. Remains of early Cambrian arthropods showed the external lattices of enormous compound eyes, but not the internal structures or anything about how those compound eyes may have functioned. In a phosphatized trilobite eye from the lower Cambrian of the Baltic, we found lithified remnants of cellular systems, typical of a modern focal apposition eye, similar to those of a bee or dragonfly. This shows that sophisticated eyes already existed at the beginning of the fossil record of higher organisms, while the differences between the ancient system and the internal structures of a modern apposition compound eye open important insights into the evolution of vision.

Indexed as

AnimalsArthropodsBiological EvolutionCompound Eye, ArthropodFossilsarthropodCambriancompound eyeevolutionvisual system

Identifiers

PMID29203666
PMCPMC5754809

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.