Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29203638›Full record

ArticleBone & joint research2017

Cytokines in tendon disease: A Systematic Review.

W Morita, S G Dakin, S J B Snelling, A J Carr

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bone & joint research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. In Vitro Modulation of Murine Tenocyte Behavior by Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Tendinopathy: The Interplay between Mechanical Stress, Inflammation, and Vascularity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Anti-inflammatory therapy for tendinopathy usingFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Improvement effects of cyclic peptides fromFood science and biotechnology · 2024
    Article

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

W MoritaBotnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington OX3 7LD, UK and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Headington OX3 7LD, UK.
S G DakinBotnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington OX3 7LD, UK and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Headington OX3 7LD, UK.
S J B SnellingBotnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington OX3 7LD, UK and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Headington OX3 7LD, UK.
A J CarrBotnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington OX3 7LD, UK and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Headington OX3 7LD, UK andrew.carr@ndorms.ox.ac.uk.
Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre · GBUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesEmerging evidence indicates that tendon disease is an active process with inflammation that is critical to disease onset and progression. However, the key cytokines responsible for driving and sustaining inflammation have not been identified.

methodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE (U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) in March 2017. Studies reporting the expression of interleukins (ILs), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma in diseased human tendon tissues, and animal models of tendon injury or exercise in comparison with healthy control tissues were included.

resultsIL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α are the cytokines that have been most frequently investigated. In clinical samples of tendinopathy and tendon tears, the expression of TNF-α tended not to change but IL-6 increased in tears. Healthy human tendons showed increased IL-6 expression after exercise; however, IL-10 remained unchanged. Animal tendon injury models showed that IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α tend to increase from the early phase of tendon healing. In animal exercise studies, IL-1β expression showed a tendency to increase at the early stage after exercise, but IL-10 expression remained unchanged with exercise.

conclusionsThis review highlights the roles of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in the development of tendon disease, during tendon healing, and in response to exercise. However, there is evidence accumulating that suggests that other cytokines are also contributing to tendon inflammatory processes. Further work with hypothesis-free methods is warranted in order to identify the key cytokines, with subsequent mechanistic and interaction studies to elucidate their roles in tendon disease development.

Indexed as

CytokineTendinopathyTendon

Identifiers

PMID29203638
PMCPMC5935810
OpenAlexW2772669508

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.