ArticlePediatrics2018
Persistent Opioid Use Among Pediatric Patients After Surgery.
Article in Pediatrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 173 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of a Peri-Operative Surgical-Site, Multimodal Drug Injection in Pediatric Patients With Cerebral Palsy Undergoing Hip Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Opioid-Free Versus Transitional Anesthetic With Opioids From Tonsillectomy
Using Difference-in-Differences to Evaluate the Effect of a Statewide Quality Improvement Program on New Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery
The Adolescent Surgery Experience: A Mixed Methods Analysis
Psychological Assessment of Scoliosis Patients Undergoing Surgical Management (PASS)
Who cites it
173 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 440 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prolonged opioid use after surgery in children, adolescents, and young adults: a systematic review.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence and risk factors of new persistent opioid use after surgery and trauma: A systematic review.BMC surgery · 2024Pooled it
- The Efficacy of Intercostal Nerve Block in the Management of Postoperative Pain After Costal Cartilage Harvest for Craniofacial Reconstruction Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Opioid use and misuse in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer: a systematic review of the literature.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Virtual Reality for the Management of Postoperative Pain and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Nuss Repair of Pectus Excavatum: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR perioperative medicine · 2026Trial
- Opioid Analgesia Following Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Trial
- Postoperative analgesic effect of lumbar erector spinae plane block for developmental hip dysplasia surgery: a randomized controlled double-blind study.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Prospective Randomized Study Examining Preoperative Opioid Counseling on Postoperative Opioid Consumption after Upper Extremity Surgery.Hand (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Trial
- Postoperative analgesic effectiveness of ultrasound-guided transmuscular quadratus lumborum block in congenital hip dislocation surgery : A randomized controlled study.Der Anaesthesist · 2021Trial
- Benefits of Regional Anesthesia Versus Opioids in the Management of Postoperative Pain Following Excision of a Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor.Journal of medical cases · 2026Article
- Gabapentin and Opioid Prescribing Trends among Adolescents Undergoing Common Procedures: A National Retrospective Cohort Study.Anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Observational
- Safety Assessment of Perioperative Pain Medications for Children: Variation in Opioid Prescribing at Discharge.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2026Article
- Trends and Outcomes in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: A Nationwide Analysis of Improvements From 2010 to 2022.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Evaluating pain management strategies following hypospadias repair: a survey of pediatric urologists.The Canadian journal of urology · 2026Article
- Adolescent outcomes of Post-operative opioid EXposure (APEX): Protocol for a multisite observational study.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparative analysis of analgesic mechanisms in craniotomy pediatric patients: a scoping review.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Opioid consumption in the first 30 days after surgery was independently associated with new persistent opioid use.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Article
113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite efforts to reduce nonmedical opioid misuse, little is known about the development of persistent opioid use after surgery among adolescents and young adults. We hypothesized that there is an increased incidence of prolonged opioid refills among adolescents and young adults who received prescription opioids after surgery compared with nonsurgical patients.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study by using commercial claims from the Truven Health Marketscan research databases from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2014. We included opioid-naïve patients ages 13 to 21 years who underwent 1 of 13 operations. A random sample of 3% of nonsurgical patients who matched eligibility criteria was included as a comparison. Our primary outcome was persistent opioid use, which was defined as ≥1 opioid prescription refill between 90 and 180 days after the surgical procedure.
resultsAmong eligible patients, 60.5% filled a postoperative opioid prescription (88 637 patients). Persistent opioid use was found in 4.8% of patients (2.7%-15.2% across procedures) compared with 0.1% of those in the nonsurgical group. Cholecystectomy (adjusted odds ratio 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.26) and colectomy (adjusted odds ratio 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-5.34) were associated with the highest risk of persistent opioid use. Independent risk factors included older age, female sex, previous substance use disorder, chronic pain, and preoperative opioid fill.
conclusionsPersistent opioid use after surgery is a concern among adolescents and young adults and may represent an important pathway to prescription opioid misuse. Identifying safe, evidence-based practices for pain management is a top priority, particularly among at-risk patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.