ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2017
Socioeconomic inequalities of outpatient and inpatient service utilization in China: personal and regional perspectives.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health-care utilisation for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based observational studies.Rheumatology international · 2019Pooled it
- Public distrust in physicians and healthcare utilization: a nationwide study in China.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Regional disparities, dynamic evolution, and convergence of China's resident health service development levels.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Latent profiles of self-management behavior and associated factors among Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in the trends of inpatient utilization for middle-aged and older adults in China: the perspective of international comparison from four cohorts.Global health research and policy · 2025Article
- Valuation of informal care for the old-aged with disabilities in China-a discrete choice experiment approach.Health economics review · 2025Article
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- Changing trends in lung cancer disease burden between China and Australia from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions.Thoracic cancer · 2025Article
- Analysis on equity of health service utilization and influencing factors in patients with hypertension in China: a longitudinal study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Inequalities in health care use among patients with arthritis in China: using Andersen's Behavioral Model.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2024Article
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- Acceptance of family doctors among residents in China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Successes and challenges of China's health care reform: a four-decade perspective spanning 1985-2023.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2023Review
- Horizontal inequity trends of health care utilization in rural China after the medicine and healthcare system reform: based on longitudinal data from 2010 to 2018.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Inequality of opportunity in health service utilization among middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling adults in China.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- What factors affect Beijing residents' contracts with family doctors? A comparative study of Beijing's urban and suburban areas.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in health care use among cancer patients in China: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Inequity in Health Services Utilization in Economically Underdeveloped Regions of Northeast China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Feasibility of Hepatitis C Elimination in China: From Epidemiology, Natural History, and Intervention Perspectives.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Mortality Rate of Lymphoma in China, 2013-2020.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChina's health system has shown remarkable progress in health provision and health outcomes in recent decades, however inequality in health care utilization persists and poses a serious social problem. While government pro-poor health policies addressed affordability as the major obstacle to equality in health care access, this policy direction deserves further examination. Our study examines the issue of health care inequalities in China, analyzing both regional and individual socioeconomic factors associated with the inequality, and provides evidence to improve governmental health policies.
methodsThe China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 1991-2011 data were used to analyze the inequality of health care utilization. The random effects logistic regression technique was used to model health care utilization as the dependent variable, and income and regional location as the independent variables, controlling for individuals' age, gender, marital status, education, health insurance, body mass index (BMI), and period variations. The dynamic trend of 1991-2011 regional disparities was estimated using an interaction term between the regional group dummy and the wave dummy.
resultsThe probability of using outpatient service and inpatient services during the previous 4 weeks was 8.6 and 1.1% respectively. Compared to urban residents, suburban (OR: 0.802, 95% CI: 0.720-0.893), town (OR: 0.722, 95% CI: 0.648-0.804), rich (OR: 0.728, 95% CI: 0.656-0.807) and poor village (OR: 0.778, 95% CI: 0.698-0.868) residents were less likely to use outpatient service; and rich (OR: 0.609, 95% CI: 0.472-0.785) and poor village (OR: 0.752, 95% CI: 0. 576-0.983) residents were less likely to use inpatient health care. But the differences between income groups were not significant, except the differences between top and bottom income group in outpatient service use.
conclusionRegional location was a more important factor than individual characteristics in determining access to health care. Besides demand-side subsidies, Chinese policy makers should pay enhanced attention to health care resource allocation to address inequity in health care access.
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