ArticleBiology direct2017
Inevitability of the emergence and persistence of genetic parasites caused by evolutionary instability of parasite-free states.
Article in Biology direct, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Parasites constrain within-population diversification while accelerating between-population divergence in an RNA replication system.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- The Emergence of Life in the Light of Evolution.ArXiv · 2026Article
- The key role of cheaters in the persistence of cooperation.BMC biology · 2026Article
- Virolithopanspermia: Might viruses be transported in rocks through space?PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Biomathematical enzyme kinetics model of prebiotic autocatalytic RNA networks: degenerating parasite-specific hyperparasite catalysts confer parasite resistance and herald the birth of molecular immunity.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- The key role of cheaters in the persistence of cooperation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Fundamental constraints to the logic of living systems.Interface focus · 2024Review
- Megataxonomy and global ecology of the virosphere.The ISME journal · 2024Review
- Article
- Coevolution of reproducers and replicators at the origin of life and the conditions for the origin of genomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Energy-harnessing problem solving of primordial life: Modeling the emergence of catalytic host-nested parasite life cycles.PloS one · 2023Article
- Evolutionary transition from a single RNA replicator to a multiple replicator network.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Toward a theory of evolution as multilevel learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Viroids and Viroid-like Circular RNAs: Do They Descend from Primordial Replicators?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- How evolution builds up complexity?: In vitro evolution approaches to witness complexification in artificial molecular replication systems.Biophysics and physicobiology · 2022Article
- Eukaryogenesis: The Rise of an Emergent Superorganism.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Viruses in astrobiology.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Viruses Defined by the Position of the Virosphere within the Replicator Space.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2021Article
- Type III CRISPR-Cas Systems: Deciphering the Most Complex Prokaryotic Immune System.Biochemistry. Biokhimiia · 2021Review
- Nothing in evolution makes sense except in the light of parasitism: evolution of complex replication strategies.Royal Society open science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Genetic parasites, including viruses and mobile genetic elements, are ubiquitous among cellular life forms, and moreover, are the most abundant biological entities on earth that harbor the bulk of the genetic diversity. Here we examine simple thought experiments to demonstrate that both the emergence of parasites in simple replicator systems and their persistence in evolving life forms are inevitable because the putative parasite-free states are evolutionarily unstable. REVIEWERS: This article has been reviewed by Yitzhak Pilpel, Bojan Zagrovic, and Eric van Nimwegen.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.