ReviewJournal of inflammation (London, England)2017
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials in the treatment of dry eye disease in Sjogren syndrome.
Review in Journal of inflammation (London, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and safety of varenicline nasal spray for the management of dry eye signs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Pooled it
- Topical corticosteroids for dry eye.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prospective Sham-Controlled trial: acupuncture for symptom-relieving in patients with Sjögren's disease.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Trial
- Sjögren's Syndrome is Rare in Psoriasis, but Common in Psoriatic Arthritis: Two Sides of a Coin - A Single Centre Retrospective Study.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Symptomology and Impact of Dry Eye Disease: A Patient and Physician Perspective.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Lacrimal Gland Histopathology and Secretory Function in Sjögren's Syndrome Mice Model Treated withAnti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Pilocarpine as a treatment option for dupilumab-related eye manifestations.JAAD international · 2022Article
- Comparison of Treatment Modalities for Dry Eye in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- A Practical Approach to Severity Classification and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Proposal from the Mexican Dry Eye Disease Expert Panel.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Assessment and Management of Dry Eye Disease and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Providing a Singapore Framework.Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Efficacy of Topical Hydrocortisone in Combination with Topical Ciclosporin A for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Patients with Sjögren Syndrome.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Herbal Formula SS-1 Increases Tear Secretion for Sjögren's Syndrome.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Prophylactic antibiotics for miscarriage surgery: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2020Article
- The effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicines for the treatment of uveitis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by dry eye and dry mouth. We systematically reviewed all the randomized controlled clinical trials published in the last 15 years that included ocular outcomes. We found 22 trials involving 9 topical, 10 oral, 2 intravenous and 1 subcutaneous modalities of treatment. Fluoromethalone eye drops over 8 weeks were more effective than topical cyclosporine in the treatment of dry eye symptoms and signs; similarly, indomethacin eye drops over 1 month were more efficacious than diclofenac eye drops. Oral pilocarpine 5 mg twice daily over 3 months was superior to use of lubricants or punctal plugs for treating dry eye, but 5% of participants had gastrointestinal adverse effects from pilocarpine, though none discontinued treatment. In contrast, etanercept, a TNF-alpha blocking antibody, administered as subcutaneous injections twice weekly, did not improve dry eye significantly compared to placebo injections. In conclusion, topical corticosteroids have been shown to be effective in dry eye associated with Sjögren's syndrome. As some topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be more effective than others, these should be further evaluated. Systemic secretagogues like pilocarpine have a role in Sjögren's syndrome but the adverse effects may limit their clinical use. It is disappointing that systemic cytokine therapy did not produce encouraging ocular outcomes but participants should have assessment of cytokine levels in such trials, as those with higher baseline cytokine levels may respond better. (229 words).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.