ArticleCellular & molecular immunology2019
Immunogenetic factors driving formation of ultralong VH CDR3 in Bos taurus antibodies.
Article in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Synthetic Platform for Antibody Junctional Diversification Beyond Natural Constraints.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- IMGTAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Class switched bovine ultralong CDR H3 amplicons versus canonical in immune and non-immune tissues.Immunogenetics · 2026Article
- Expression of ultralong complementarity determining region 3 and development of IgM and IgG B cell receptor repertoires in Holstein heifer calves.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Leveraging single B cell antibody platforms to develop countermeasures against animal viral diseases: recent advances and future perspectives.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Bovine Ultra-Long CDR H3 Specific for Bovine Rotavirus Displays Potent Virus Neutralization and Therapeutic Effects in Infected Calves.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of CDR3 length-dependent patterns in VHHs.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Analysis of CDR3 region diversity with different lengths in bovine immunoglobulin heavy chain genes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Alterations in BCR heavy chain CDR3 repertoire characteristics in pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Annotation of gene loci and analysis of expression diversity in sheep immunoglobulin.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immunization of cows with HIV envelope trimers generates broadly neutralizing antibodies to the V2-apex from the ultralong CDRH3 repertoire.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Estimates of Sequences with Ultralong and Short CDR3s in the Bovine IgM B Cell Receptor Repertoire Using the Long-read Oxford Nanopore MinION Platform.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- HIV envelope trimers and gp120 as immunogens to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies in cows.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Differential analysis of immunoglobulin gene expression pattern in chickens of distinct breeds and developmental periods.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- Annotation and characterization of immunoglobulin loci and CDR3 polymorphism in water buffalo (Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- IgMAT: immunoglobulin sequence multi-species annotation tool for any species including those with incomplete antibody annotation or unusual characteristics.BMC bioinformatics · 2023Article
- De novo genome assembly depicts the immune genomic characteristics of cattle.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Evolution of immunogenetic components encoding ultralong CDR H3.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
- Article
- Serum albumin binding knob domains engineered within a VFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The antibody repertoire of Bos taurus is characterized by a subset of variable heavy (VH) chain regions with ultralong third complementarity determining regions (CDR3) which, compared to other species, can provide a potent response to challenging antigens like HIV env. These unusual CDR3 can range to over seventy highly diverse amino acids in length and form unique β-ribbon 'stalk' and disulfide bonded 'knob' structures, far from the typical antigen binding site. The genetic components and processes for forming these unusual cattle antibody VH CDR3 are not well understood. Here we analyze sequences of Bos taurus antibody VH domains and find that the subset with ultralong CDR3 exclusively uses a single variable gene, IGHV1-7 (VHBUL) rearranged to the longest diversity gene, IGHD8-2. An eight nucleotide duplication at the 3' end of IGHV1-7 encodes a longer V-region producing an extended F β-strand that contributes to the stalk in a rearranged CDR3. A low amino acid variability was observed in CDR1 and CDR2, suggesting that antigen binding for this subset most likely only depends on the CDR3. Importantly a novel, potentially AID mediated, deletional diversification mechanism of the B. taurus VH ultralong CDR3 knob was discovered, in which interior codons of the IGHD8-2 region are removed while maintaining integral structural components of the knob and descending strand of the stalk in place. These deletions serve to further diversify cysteine positions, and thus disulfide bonded loops. Hence, both germline and somatic genetic factors and processes appear to be involved in diversification of this structurally unusual cattle VH ultralong CDR3 repertoire.
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